A search of the ASTIS database for "SISN 76432/76467" has found the following 36 records, which are sorted in descending order of year.

Water vapour over the western maritime Arctic : surface inversions, intrusions and total column   /   Raddatz, R.L.   Galley, R.J.   Candlish, L.M.   Asplin, M.G.   Barber, D.G.
(International journal of climatology, v. 33, no. 6, May 2013, p.1436-1443, ill., maps)
ASTIS record 76466.
Languages: English
Web: doi:10.1002/joc.3524
Libraries: ACU

A composite year of hourly microwave radiometric water vapour (WV) density profiles from November 2007 to July 2008 and August to November 2009 over the unconsolidated sea-ice surface of the southeastern Beaufort Sea-Amundsen Gulf region was analysed. The annual cycle of monthly median total column precipitable water (PW) ranged from 1.4 mm in January to 16.8 mm in August. For all months, greater than 92% of the PW was below 5000 m. Peak PW in WV intrusions ranged from 3.4 mm in November to 37.3 mm in August. An L-shaped relationship was found between the monthly percentages of PW in near surface WV inversions and the median total column PW. This suggested that WV inversions have a greater impact on atmospheric downwelling longwave radiation, and in turn on the climate of the western maritime Arctic, in the winter early spring and late autumn when the median PW is low than in warmer months when it is relatively high. This result, consistent with the results of others, was supported by an analysis of hourly profiles for January (low PW month), and July (high PW month); 89% of the variability in the percentage of PW in near surface inversions was explained by the height of the top of the highest inversion which was generally much higher in the January than in July. In addition, near surface WV inversions occurred more frequently in the lower PW month than in the higher PW month. (Au)

E, G, D
Atmosphere; Atmospheric chemistry; Atmospheric humidity; Atmospheric temperature; Balloons; Boundary layers; Climate change; Density; Heat budgets; Heat transmission; Ice cover; Ice leads; Instruments; Measurement; Passive microwave remote sensing; Polynyas; Seasonal variations; Spatial distribution; Temporal variations; Thermal regimes; Thermodynamics; Velocity; Water vapour; Winds

G0815, G07, G02, G02
Amundsen Gulf, N.W.T.; Arctic regions; Banks Island waters, N.W.T.

Time series data for Canadian Arctic vertebrates : IPY contributions to science, management, and policy   /   Ferguson, S.H.   Berteaux, D.   Gaston, A.J.   Higdon, J.W.   Lecomte, N.   Lunn, N.   Mallory, M.L.   Reist, J.   Russell, D.   Yoccoz, N.G.   Zhu, X.
(Science results from the Canadian International Polar Year 2007-2008 / Edited by T. Kulkarni, J.M. Watkins, D.S. Lemmen and S. Nickels. Climatic change, v.115, no. 1, Nov. 2012, p. 235-258, ill., map)
References.
The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
ASTIS record 76464.
Languages: English
Web: doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0476-7
Libraries: ACU

Long-term data are critically important to science, management, and policy formation. Here we describe a number of data collections from arctic Canada that monitor vertebrate population trends of freshwater and marine fish, marine birds, marine and terrestrial mammals. These time series data cover the last ca. 30 years and capture a period from the onset of global changes affecting the Arctic up to recent years with a rapid increase in temperature. While many of these data collections were initiated through a variety of government and university programs, they also include a surge in polar research launched with the recent International Polar Year (2007-2008). We estimated the long-term vertebrate index from our data that summarizes various taxa abundance trends within a global context and observed a continuous decline of about 30 % in population abundance since the 1990s. Though most data collections are biased towards few taxa, we conduct time-series analyses to show that the potential value of long-term data emerges as individual monitoring sites can be spread across space and time scales. Despite covering a handful of populations, the different time series data covered a large spectrum of dynamics, cyclic to non-cyclic, including coherence with the North Atlantic Oscillation, lag effects, and density dependence. We describe a synthesis framework to integrate ecological time-series research and thereby derive additional benefits to management, science, and policy. Future requirements include: (1) continuation of current observation systems; (2) expansion of current monitoring sites to include additional trophic links and taxonomic indicators; (3) expansion beyond the existing program to include greater spatial coverage into less-sampled ecosystems and key representative locations; and (4) integration of circumpolar observations and comprehensive analyses. Development of a circumpolar observation system is necessary for innovative science, large-scale adaptive management, and policy revision essential to respond to rapid global change. (Au)

I, E, J, N, R
Animal distribution; Animal mortality; Animal population; Arctic foxes; Biological clocks; Birds; Caribou; Climate change; Denning; Effects monitoring; Environmental impacts; Environmental policy; Fishes; Fishing; Food chain; Hunting; Marine mammals; Mathematical models; Polar bears; Subsistence; Temporal variations; Vertebrates; Wildlife management

G081
Canadian Arctic

Consequences of change and variability in sea ice on marine ecosystem and biogeochemical processes during the 2007-2008 Canadian International Polar Year program   /   Barber, D.G.   Asplin, M.G.   Papakyriakou, T.N.   Miller, L.   Else, B.G.T.   Iacozza, J.   Mundy, C.J.   Gosselin, M.   Asselin, N.C.   Ferguson, S.   Lukovich, J.V.   Stern, G.A.   Gaden, A.   Pucko, M.   Geilfus, N.-X.   Wang, F.
(Science results from the Canadian International Polar Year 2007-2008 / Edited by T. Kulkarni, J.M. Watkins, D.S. Lemmen and S. Nickels. Climatic change, v.115, no. 1, Nov. 2012, p. 135-159, ill., maps)
References.
In the journal article, author M. Gosselin's name is given as M. Gosslin.
ASTIS record 76463.
Languages: English
Web: doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0482-9
Libraries: ACU

Change and variability in the timing and magnitude of sea ice geophysical and thermodynamic state have consequences on many aspects of the arctic marine system. The changes in both the geophysical and thermodynamic state, and in particular the timing of the development of these states, have consequences throughout the marine system. In this paper we review the 'consequences' of change in sea ice state on primary productivity, marine mammal habitats, and sea ice as a medium for storage and transport of contaminants and carbon exchange across the ocean-sea-ice-atmosphere interface based upon results from the International Polar Year. Pertinent results include: 1) conditions along ice edges can bring deep nutrient-rich 'Pacific' waters into nutrient-poor surface waters along the arctic coast, affecting local food webs; 2) both sea ice thermodynamic and dynamic processes ultimately affect ringed seal/polar bear habitats by controlling the timing, location and amount of surface deformation required for ringed seal and polar bear preferred habitat; 3) the ice edges bordering open waters of flaw leads are areas of high biological production and are observed to be important beluga habitat; 4) exchange of climate-active gases, including CO2, is extremely active in sea ice environments, and the overall question of whether the Arctic Ocean is (or will be) a source or sink for CO2 will be dependent on the balance of competing climate-change feedbacks. (Au)

J, E, G, D, I, H
Algae; Beluga whales; Biomass; Bowhead whales; Calcium carbonate; Carbon dioxide; Chemical oceanography; Chlorophyll; Climate change; Environmental impacts; Fast ice; Food chain; Ice leads; Marine ecology; Marine mammals; Marine pollution; Melting; Mercury; Microbial ecology; Ocean temperature; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Organochlorines; Ozone; Phytoplankton; Polar bears; Polynyas; Primary production (Biology); Salinity; Sea ice; Sea ice ecology; Sea water; Thermodynamics; Wildlife habitat; Wildlife management; Winter ecology

G0815, G07, G081
Amundsen Gulf, N.W.T.; Canadian Arctic Islands waters; Canadian Arctic waters; Canadian Beaufort Sea; Inuvialuit Settlement Region waters, N.W.T./Yukon

Current state and trends in Canadian Arctic marine ecosystems : II. Heterotrophic food web, pelagic-benthic coupling, and biodiversity   /   Darnis, G.   Robert, D.   Pomerleau, C.   Link, H.   Archambault, P.   Nelson, R.J.   Geoffroy, M.   Tremblay, J.-É.   Lovejoy, C.   Ferguson, S.H.   Hunt, B.P.V.   Fortier, L.
(Science results from the Canadian International Polar Year 2007-2008 / Edited by T. Kulkarni, J.M. Watkins, D.S. Lemmen and S. Nickels. Climatic change, v.115, no. 1, Nov. 2012, p. 179-205, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76461.
Languages: English
Web: doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0483-8
Libraries: ACU

As part of the Canadian contribution to the International Polar Year (IPY), several major international research programs have focused on offshore arctic marine ecosystems. The general goal of these projects was to improve our understanding of how the response of arctic marine ecosystems to climate warming will alter food web structure and ecosystem services provided to Northerners. At least four key findings from these projects relating to arctic heterotrophic food web, pelagic-benthic coupling and biodiversity have emerged: (1) Contrary to a long-standing paradigm of dormant ecosystems during the long arctic winter, major food web components showed relatively high level of winter activity, well before the spring release of ice algae and subsequent phytoplankton bloom. Such phenological plasticity among key secondary producers like zooplankton may thus narrow the risks of extreme mismatch between primary production and secondary production in an increasingly variable arctic environment. (2) Tight pelagic-benthic coupling and consequent recycling of nutrients at the seafloor characterize specific regions of the Canadian Arctic, such as the North Water polynya and Lancaster Sound. The latter constitute hot spots of benthic ecosystem functioning compared to regions where zooplankton-mediated processes weaken the pelagic-benthic coupling. (3) In contrast with another widely shared assumption of lower biodiversity, arctic marine biodiversity is comparable to that reported off Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada, albeit threatened by the potential colonization of subarctic species. (4) The rapid decrease of summer sea-ice cover allows increasing numbers of killer whales to use the Canadian High Arctic as a hunting ground. The stronger presence of this species, bound to become a new apex predator of arctic seas, will likely affect populations of endemic arctic marine mammals such as the narwhal, bowhead, and beluga whales. (Au)

J, E, G, D, I, H
Animal distribution; Animal food; Benthos; Biological productivity; Biological sampling; Biomass; Bottom sediments; Bowhead whales; Carbon; Carbon cycling; Chlorophyll; Climate change; Environmental impacts; Fishes; Food chain; Killer whales; Marine biology; Marine ecology; Marine mammals; Microbial ecology; Plankton; Predation; Primary production (Biology); Sea ice ecology; Trophic levels; Winter ecology

G081
Canadian Arctic waters

RESEARCH PROJECT
Archaeological assessment of the Western Copper and Gold Corporation Casino Project   /   de Guzman, M.J. [Investigator]   Altamira Consulting Ltd. [Affiliation]   Western Copper Corporation [Sponsor]
(Yukon Archaeological Sites Regulations Permit, no. 12-09)
This research project description is based on information collected by the Yukon Heritage Resources Unit under the Yukon Archaeological Sites Regulations.
Year: 2012.
Investigator's address: Margarita J. de Guzman, Altamira Consulting Ltd.
ASTIS record 76454.
Languages: English

U, P
Copper; Gold; Indian archaeology; Mining; Molybdenum; Research project descriptions; Yukon Archaeological Sites Regulations Permits

G0811
Casino Creek region, Yukon; Patton Hill, Yukon

RESEARCH PROJECT
Foundations and dimensions of land-use planning in southwest Yukon   /   Slocombe, S. [Investigator]   Wilfrid Laurier University [Affiliation]
(Yukon Scientists and Explorers Licence, no. 12-35)
This research project description is based on information collected by the Yukon Heritage Resources Unit under the Yukon Scientists and Explorers Act.
Year: 2012.
Investigator's address: D. Scott Slocombe, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ont.
ASTIS record 76450.
Languages: English

J, S, R
Environmental impact assessment; Land use; Planning; Research project descriptions; Yukon Scientists and Explorers Licences

G0811
Yukon

RESEARCH PROJECT
Integrating indigenous knowledge and public health concerns into a community contaminant and climate change monitoring program   /   Wilseon, N. [Investigator]   Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council [Affiliation]
(Yukon Scientists and Explorers Licence, no. 12-34)
This research project description is based on information collected by the Yukon Heritage Resources Unit under the Yukon Scientists and Explorers Act.
Year: 2012.
ASTIS record 76449.
Languages: English

E, F, J, N, K, T
Climate change; Effects monitoring; Environmental protection; Health care; Indians; Pollution; Public participation; Research project descriptions; Rivers; Traditional knowledge; Water pollution; Water quality; Water resources; Watershed management; Yukon Scientists and Explorers Licences

G0811
Yukon River region, Alaska/Yukon; Yukon River, Alaska/Yukon

RESEARCH PROJECT
Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Yukon Sedimentary Basins Project   /   Lane, L.S. [Investigator]   Geological Survey of Canada [Affiliation]
(Yukon Scientists and Explorers Licence, no. 12-33)
This research project description is based on information collected by the Yukon Heritage Resources Unit under the Yukon Scientists and Explorers Act.
Year: 2012.
Investigator's address: Larry S. Lane, Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary, Alberta.
ASTIS record 76448.
Languages: English

B, P, Q
Economic geology; Energy resources; Geological exploration; Mapping; Mineral resources; Research project descriptions; Sedimentary rocks; Stratigraphy; Yukon Scientists and Explorers Licences

G0811
Yukon

Not always black and white : colour aberrations in the Dovekie   /   Jakubas, D.   Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K.
(Arctic, v. 65, no. 2, June 2012, p. 229-232, ill.)
References.
ASTIS record 76437.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

We describe four records of colour aberrations in the dovekie (Alle alle). During six years of studies of breeding ecology in two large dovekie colonies in West Spitsbergen, we recorded one albino chick (white feathers, red eyes, pinkish legs and feet), one adult or subadult with a "brown" aberration (all black parts turned dark brown), one adult in a typical summer plumage with depigmented (pinkish) legs and feet, and one chick in a typical plumage, but with whitish feathers on back and wing coverts. Albinism and "brown" mutations are heritable traits. The two remaining colour aberrations probably have been acquired and might have been caused by disease, malnutrition, or other unknown factors. (Au)

I
Albinism; Animal mortality; Dovekies; Genetics; Glaucous Gulls; Identification; Plumage; Predation; Sea birds

G02
Spitsbergen, Svalbard

All that glitters : diamond mining and Tlicho youth in Behchokö, Northwest Territories   /   Davison, C.M.   Hawe, P.
(Arctic, v. 65, no. 2, June 2012, p. 214-228, maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76435.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Currently, Canada's northern territories have three active diamond mines and one mine under construction, and one mine has recently closed. In response to local concerns, and in partnership with members of the Tlicho First Nation, this ethnographic study examines the positive and detrimental impacts of diamond mining on youth in Behchokö, Northwest Territories, using data collected from intensive fieldwork and participant observation, focus groups, interviews, and archival documents. The study of mining impacts remains a complex and contested field. Youth in Behchokö experience both negative and positive effects of mining. Diamond mining companies are places of employment and act as community resources; their development has influenced the transience of individuals in the region, the identity and roles of family caregivers, the motivation of students, the purpose of schooling, and the level of economic prosperity in some (but not all) families. The diverse impacts of these changes on the health of northern individuals and communities can be understood only within the broader context of social, economic, political, and environmental changes occurring in the Arctic today. Results of this study help inform ongoing efforts by those in Behchokö and the Northwest Territories to monitor the effects of diamond mining and maximize the potential benefits for local people, including youth. (Au)

P, T, R, K, J, N
Aboriginal rights; Community development; Commuting; Culture (Anthropology); Diamonds; Dogrib Indians; Economic conditions; Economic development; Education; Employment; Ethics; Gambling; Indian languages; Mental health and well-being; Mining; Mining claims; Native land claims; Occupational training; Pollution; Sexually transmitted diseases; Social conditions; Social surveys; Socio-economic effects; Substance abuse; Traditional land use and occupancy; Youth

G0812
Edzo, N.W.T.; Rae, N.W.T.

Growth in skull length and width of the arctic wolf : comparison of models and ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism   /   Larter, N.C.   Nagy, J.A.   Bartareau, T.M.
(Arctic, v. 65, no. 2, June 2012, p. 207-213, ill.)
References.
ASTIS record 76434.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

We compared four classical nonlinear growth curves (Gompertz, Logistic, Richards, and von Bertalanffy) in modeling observed skull condylobasal length and zygomatic width as a function of age in wild arctic wolves (Canis lupus arctos). We analyzed gender-specific growth patterns and the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in this species as revealed by the best model from these alternatives. For both genders and skull size measurements, the size-at-age data provided the best support for the von Bertalanffy model because of higher fitting degrees, lower root mean squared standard deviation of data points about the fitted growth curve, Akaike weight of 37.4% or higher, and fewer parameters derived directly from metabolic laws. Male asymptotic condylobasal length was 3.2% longer, and zygomatic width 4.1% wider, than in females. Sexual size dimorphism in this species develops in part because males grow faster, which might benefit them in terms of reproductive success and the capture and killing of large ungulate prey. (Au)

I, J
Age; Animal anatomy; Animal food; Animal growth; Dentition; Gender differences; Intestines; Measurement; Muskoxen; Necropsy; Size; Wolves

G0812
Banks Island, N.W.T.; Holman, N.W.T.; Sachs Harbour (Settlement), N.W.T.; Victoria Island, N.W.T./Nunavut

Physical and biological factors affecting mercury and perfluorinated contaminants in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) of Pingualuit Crater Lake (Nunavik, Canada)   /   Gantner, N.   Veillette, J.   Michaud, W.K.   Bajno, R.   Muir, D.   Vincent, W.F.   Power, M.   Dixon, B.   Reist, J.D.   Hausmann, S.   Pienitz, R.
(Arctic, v. 65, no. 2, June 2012, p. 195-206, ill., maps)
References.
An erratum for table 1 of the print version of this paper is published in Arctic, v. 65, no. 3, Sept. 2012, p. 358. The online version is correct.
ASTIS record 76433.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Pingualuk Lake fills a deep crater in the Parc National des Pingualuit on the Ungava Peninsula (Nunavik, Canada) and is isolated from nearby surface waters. The main objectives of this study were to determine and compare the concentrations of two atmospherically derived contaminants, mercury and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs), in the lake water column and fish of Pingualuk Lake and to assess the physical and biological factors influencing contaminant concentrations. Mercury concentrations in arctic char muscle tissue were comparable to those of char in other Arctic lakes, while the total amount of PFCs was below reported levels for remote lakes in the Arctic and elsewhere. Stable isotope and stomach content analyses were made to investigate the feeding ecology of the Pingualuk Lake arctic char population and indicated the possibility of multiple feeding groups. Genetics characteristics (MH and mtDNA) of fish from Pingualuk Lake revealed that this population is likely distinct from that of nearby Laflamme Lake. However, both arctic char populations exhibit differential variation of their allele families. Physical characteristics determined for Lake Pingualuk revealed that the water column was inversely stratified beneath the ice and extremely transparent to visible and ultraviolet radiation. The highest mercury concentrations (3 - 6 pg m/L THg) occurred just beneath the ice surface in each lake. Pingualuk Lake, given its near pristine state and exceptional limnological features, may serve as a most valuable reference ecosystem for monitoring environmental stressors, such as contaminants, in the Arctic. (Au)

I, F, E, J
Animal food; Arctic char; Atmospheric circulation; Biological sampling; Craters; Food chain; Fresh-water ecology; Genetics; Lake stratification; Lake-atmosphere interaction; Lakes; Mercury; Organofluorines; Water pollution

G0826
Laflamme, Lac, Québec; Pingualuk, Lac, Québec

Flow structure and channel stability at the site of a deep scour hole, Mackenzie Delta, Canada   /   Beltaos, S.   Krishnappan, B.G.   Rowsell, R.   Carter, T.   Pilling, R.   Bergeron, P.E.
(Arctic, v. 65, no. 2, June 2012, p. 182-194, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76432.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Unusually deep scour holes in distributary channels of the Mackenzie Delta are of concern for oil and gas resource development, particularly with respect to buried pipeline crossings. Surveys of one such hole, carried out in 1985 and 1992, indicated vertical stability and slight lateral movement. The present study examines how the hole may have changed by the mid-2000s and documents the complex local velocity field and related bed material properties. Small discrepancies between isobaths of different years suggest a dynamic stability that involves short-term fluctuations in erosion and deposition. This suggestion was corroborated by detailed measurements of the highly three-dimensional velocity field, which revealed major eddy structures and flow reversals that help maintain sizeable velocity magnitudes despite low mean velocities. The composition of the bed material suggests cohesive behaviour, but the literature indicates a range of critical shear stresses that spans two orders of magnitude. The more probable lower end of this range is consistent with the observed dynamic stability of the scour hole. (Au)

F, G, B, A, Q
Bathymetry; Bottom sediments; Erosion; Floods; Mathematical models; River banks; River deltas; Sediment transport; Sonar; Stream flow; Strudel scours; Submarine topography; Temporal variations; Underwater pipelines; Velocity

G0812
East Channel (Mackenzie River), N.W.T.; Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T.

An investigation of atmospheric temperature, humidity and cloud detection techniques over the Arctic marine cryosphere   /   Candlish, L.M.   Barber, D.G. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2011.
ix, 109 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR77422)
Indexed a PDF file available from University of Manitoba.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2011.
Appendices.
References.
This thesis is comprised of 2 manuscripts, presented as chapters 2 and 3, and submitted for publication to the Journal of atmosphere and oceanic technology, and Journal of geophysical research, respectively.
Also available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76467.
Languages: English
Web: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4489
Libraries: MWU

The veracity of a Radiometric Microwave Profiling Radiometer (MWRP) while mounted onboard a ship in the Arctic marine environment was assessed. The MWRP was validated against radiosonde data by calculating the RMS and bias for simultaneous measurements taken for temperature and absolute humidity profiles. The vertical resolution of the MWRP was calculated using the inter-level covariance method. Based on the comparisons, the MWRP provided reliable measurements of both temperature and absolute humidity while mounted on the CCGS Amundsen. Satellites CloudSat and Calipso were assessed over the Arctic marine cryosphere. Temperature and absolute humidity from the ECMWF-aux data product was compared with profiles from the ship based MWRP. The cloud base heights measured by the ceilometer and MWRP were compared to CloudSat and Calipso's GeoProf-lidar. Due to a large number of possible false detections, the constraints used by the GeoProf-lidar data product for cloud detection may need to be further refined. (Au)

E, G
Albedo; Atmospheric humidity; Atmospheric temperature; Balloons; Clouds; Density; Instruments; Laser remote sensing; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Passive microwave remote sensing; Quality assurance; Radiation budgets; Satellites; Seasonal variations; Spatial distribution; Theses

G07, G0815
Amundsen Gulf, N.W.T.; Canadian Beaufort Sea

The effect of atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean coupling on hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pathways within the Arctic marine environment   /   Pucko, M.A.   Stern, G. [Supervisor]   Barber, D. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2011.
xviii, 195 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
References.
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2011.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web available from the University of Manitoba.
Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 have been presented as manuscripts and have been individually described as independently published in ASTIS records 71846, 73206, 74610 and 74864 respectively.
ASTIS record 76453.
Languages: English
Web: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4767
Libraries: MWU OONL

The importance of the cryosphere, and of sea ice in particular, for contaminant transport and redistribution in the Arctic was pointed out in the literature. However, studies on contaminants in sea ice are scarce, and entirely neglect the sea ice geophysical and thermodynamic characteristics as well as interactions between various cryospheric compartments. This thesis addresses those gaps. Ice formation was shown to have a significant concentrating impact on the levels of HCHs in the water just beneath the ice. Both geophysical and thermodynamic conditions in sea ice were shown to be crucial in understanding pathways of accumulation or rejection of HCHs. Although HCH burden in the majority of the ice column remains locked throughout most of the season until the early spring, upward migration of brine from the ice to the snow in the winter has an effect on levels of HCHs in the snow by up to 50 %. In the spring, when snow melt water percolates into the ice delivering HCHs to the upper ocean via desalination by flushing, levels of HCHs in the ice can increase by up to 2 %-18 % and 4 %-32 % for alpha- and gamma-HCH, respectively. Brine contained within sea ice currently exhibits the highest HCH concentrations in any abiotic Arctic environment, exceeding under-ice water concentrations by a factor of 3 in the spring. This circumstance suggests that the brine ecosystem has been, and continues to be, the most exposed to HCHs. alpha-HCH levels were shown to decrease rapidly in the last two decades in the Polar Mixed Layer (PML) and the Pacific Mode Layer (PL) of the Beaufort Sea due to degradation. If the rate of degradation does not change in the near future, the majority of alpha-HCH could be eliminated from the Beaufort Sea by 2020, with concentrations in 2040 dropping to < 0.006 ng/L and < 0.004 ng/L in the PML and the PL, respectively. Elimination of alpha-HCH from sea water takes significantly longer than from the atmosphere, with a lag of approximately two decades. (Au)

G, D, E, F, J
Air pollution; Chromatography; Climate change; Cores; Crystals; Environmental impacts; Fast ice; Formation; HCH; Marine pollution; Mathematical models; Melting; Meteorology; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Permeability; Physical properties; Pollution; Salinity; Sea ice; Sea water; Seasonal variations; Snow; Snowmelt; Spatial distribution; Surface properties; Temperature; Temporal variations; Thermodynamics; Theses; Water masses

G0815, G07
Amundsen Gulf, N.W.T.; Banks Island waters, N.W.T.; Canadian Beaufort Sea

CO2 exchange in a subarctic sedge fen in the Hudson Bay Lowland during two consecutive growing seasons   /   Swystun, K.A.   Papakyriakou, T. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2011.
ix, 97 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR77469)
Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 2011.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web supplied by University of Manitoba.
References.
Variant title in the PrQuest citation as follows: Carbon dioxide exchange in a Subarctic sedge fen in the Hudson Bay Lowland during two consecutive growing seasons.
ASTIS record 76451.
Languages: English
Web: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4509
Libraries: MWU OONL

Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) was measured using the eddy covariance (EC) technique at a wetland tundra-sedge fen near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada during two consecutive growing seasons (2007 and 2008). Mean daily NEE at the fen (DOY 157-254) was -3.5 (± 0.26 S.E.) g CO2/m²/d in 2007 and -4.6 (± 0.36) g CO2/m²/d in 2008. The fen was a net carbon dioxide (CO2) sink during both the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons of -343 (± 79) and -450 (± 87) g CO2/m², respectively. Mean air temperature during the summer (June 1-August 31) was about 1°C greater than the historical average (1971-2000) in 2007 and about 2°C greater in 2008. Growing season precipitation was 107.5 mm below normal in 2007 and 359.5 mm above normal in 2008. These data suggest that if future climate change brings warmer temperatures and near-to-above average precipitation maintaining the water table near the surface, similar subarctic ecosystems will experience increased gross ecosystem productivity enhancing CO2 sequestration during the growing season. (Au)

C, E, F, H, J
Biological productivity; Carbon; Carbon cycling; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Diurnal variations; Environmental impacts; Growing season; Hydrology; Mathematical models; Measurement; Meteorology; Peat; Permafrost; Plant respiration; Sedges; Surface properties; Surface temperature; Theses; Tundra ecology; Wetlands; Winds

G0824
Churchill region, Manitoba; Hudson Bay region, Manitoba

Variables géo-écologiques influençant l'enregistrement d'un signal climatique dans les cernes de croissance de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana Mill. BSP) dans la partie nord de la forêt boréale, Québec   /   Labarre, T.   Bégin, Y. [Supervisor]   Bégin, C. [Supervisor]
Chicoutimi, Québec : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2011.
xvii, 59 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, 2011.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web.
ASTIS record 76440.
Languages: French
Web: http://www1.ete.inrs.ca/pub/theses/T000576.pdf
Libraries: OONL

The objective of study was to discriminate the geoecological variables that contribute to climate recording in black spruce tree-rings. Tree-rings series were obtained from 12 populations of black spruce sampled within the hydroelectric complex of La Grande River in the James Bay area. Sites were initially selected to test the stand response to climate according to three factors: relative density of the forest cover (open, mid-density, or closed), average slope of the site (none, gentle or steep), and soil thickness (thick or thin). Then, some geoecological variables specific to trees were chosen to test the response of individual trees to climate with relation: to tree age, percentage of dead branches, microtopography, crown projection over the ground, stem height, circumference and number of layers. Response functions were calculated by using two sets of variables: the annual rings characteristics and the monthly climate variables. Such functions were calculated in order to perform inter-stand comparisons and within every stand to estimate inter-tree variability. A particular attention was paid to site-specific, tree-specific geoecological factors in order to detect which variables most influenced the response of trees to climate. Results revealed that opened forest environments, composed of young individuals (< 100 years), responded most significantly to temperature and water lost to the atmosphere by soil (evaporation) and plants (evapotranspiration). Stands including old trees responded significantly to snow depth and rainfalls. Results highlight that the number of layers could influence the response of trees to the maximum and minimum temperatures and to water loss by the soil and the vegetation. Moreover, the response functions of radial growth of individual trees to climatic variables showed that the living trees under homogeneous conditions (forest cover, slope, and soil depth), do not all significantly respond to climate. The biotope seems to influence considerably the capacity of trees to respond to climate. In light of these results, it seems advisable to use open forest environments for temperature reconstructions, and closed forests for liquid or solid precipitation reconstructions. (Au)

H, C, J, E, F, N
Age; Black spruces; Climate change; Dendrochronology; Effects of climate on plants; Effects of temperature on plants; Environmental impacts; Evaporation; Hydroelectric power; Meteorology; Plant cover; Plant growth; Plant-soil relationships; Plant-water relationships; Reservoirs; Slopes; Snow; Soil profiles; Stems; Taiga ecology; Testing; Theses; Thickness

G0826
Grande Rivière, La, region, Québec; James Bay region, Québec

Simulations numériques et projections des variations de l'épaisseur de la couche active à Salluit jusqu'en 2025   /   Barrette, C.   Allard, M. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2010.
xi, 109 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, 2010.
References.
Indexed from a PDF file available from Laval Université.
ASTIS record 76465.
Languages: French
Web: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27501/
Libraries: OONL QQL

Salluit est situé au nord du Nunavik et le pergélisol y est généralement riche en glace. L'objectif de ce projet est de simuler les changements d'épaisseur de la couche active à moyen terme (2010-2025) pour deux types de dépôts qui sous-tendent de nombreuses infrastructures. Pour se faire, un modèle géothermique unidimensionnel est employé pour simuler les transferts de chaleur dans le pergélisol. Des données de températures de l'air et de couvert nival dérivées de séries climatiques provenant d'un modèle régional du climat (MRC) servent à forcer le modèle géothermique. L'approfondissement de la couche active montre une forte relation avec les températures de l'air estivales. De plus, la profondeur de dégel varie de façon marquée en l'espace de quelques années. Les sols argileux pourraient subir une augmentation de l'épaisseur de la couche active d'environ 30 cm et les tills, une augmentation d'environ 80 cm, par rapport aux observations de 2007. (Au)

C, A, E, B, F, M
Active layer; Atmospheric temperature; Clay; Climate change; Climatology; Effects of climate on permafrost; Forecasting; Foundations; Frozen ground; Geomorphology; Glacial deposits; Growing season; Heat transmission; Mapping; Mathematical models; Moisture content of frozen ground; Permafrost; Plant distribution; Precipitation (Meteorology); Sediments (Geology); Snow cover; Soil temperature; Soil texture; Soils; Spatial distribution; Temporal variations; Thaw settlement; Thawing; Thermal properties; Thermal protection of permafrost; Thermal regimes; Theses; Thickness; Tundra ecology; Villages

G0826
Salluit region, Québec; Salluit, Québec

Remote sensing of a dynamic Sub-Arctic peatland reservoir using optical and synthetic aperture radar data   /   Larter, J.L.   Barber, D. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2010.
xv, 212 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2010.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web.
ASTIS record 76459.
Languages: English
Web: http://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca//handle/1993/3947
Libraries: MWU

Stephens Lake, Manitoba is an example of a peatland reservoir that has undergone physical changes related to mineral erosion and peatland disintegration processes since its initial impoundment. In this thesis I focused on the processes of peatland upheaval, transport, and disintegration as the primary drivers of dynamic change within the reservoir. The changes related to these processes are most frequent after initial reservoir impoundment and decline over time. They continue to occur over 35 years after initial flooding. I developed a remote sensing approach that employs both optical and microwave sensors for discriminating land (i.e. floating peatlands, forested land, and barren land) from open water within the reservoir. High spatial resolution visible and near-infrared (VNIR) optical data obtained from the QuickBird satellite, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) microwave data obtained from the RADARSAT-1 satellite were implemented. The approach was facilitated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) based validation map for the extraction of optical and SAR pixel data. Each sensor's extracted data set was first analyzed separately using univariate and multivariate statistical methods to determine the discriminant ability of each sensor. The initial analyses were followed by an integrated sensor approach; the development of an image classification model; and a change detection analysis. Results showed excellent (> 95%) classification accuracy using QuickBird satellite image data. Discrimination and classification of studied land cover classes using SAR image texture data resulted in lower overall classification accuracies (~ 60%). SAR data classification accuracy improved to > 90% when classifying only land and water, demonstrating SAR's utility as a land and water mapping tool. An integrated sensor data approach showed no considerable improvement over the use of optical satellite image data alone. An image classification model was developed that could be used to map both detailed land cover classes and the land and water interface within the reservoir. Change detection analysis over a seven year period indicated that physical changes related to mineral erosion, peatland upheaval, transport, and disintegration, and operational water level variation continue to take place in the reservoir some 35 years after initial flooding. This thesis demonstrates the ability of optical and SAR satellite image remote sensing data sets to be used in an operational context for the routine discrimination of the land and water boundaries within a dynamic peatland reservoir. Future monitoring programs would benefit most from a complementary image acquisition program in which SAR images, known for their acquisition reliability under cloud cover, are acquired along with optical images given their ability to discriminate land cover classes in greater detail. (Au)

A, N, E, J, H, I, C, F
Animals; Bathymetry; Carbon dioxide; Clouds; Detection; Effects monitoring; Electrical properties; Erosion; Floods; Food chain; Formation; Fresh-water ecology; Geographic information systems; Hydroelectric power; Islands; Lakes; Land classification; Manitoba Hydro; Mapping; Mercury; Methane; Optical properties; Passive microwave remote sensing; Peat; Plant cover; Plants (Biology); Remote sensing; Reservoirs; SAR; Satellites; Soils; Spectroscopy; Surface properties; Temporal variations; Theses; Water level; Wetlands

G0824
Nelson River, Manitoba; Stephens Lake (56 25 58 N, 97 7 0 W) region, Manitoba; Stephens Lake (56 25 58 N, 97 7 0 W), Manitoba

Understanding the evolution of beluga entrapment co-management in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region using social network analysis   /   Kocho-Schellenberg, J.-E.   Berkes, F. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2010.
xiv, 138 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR54217)
ISBN 9780494773598
Thesis (M.N.R.M.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2010.
Appendices.
References.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web.
ASTIS record 76458.
Languages: English
Web: http://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca//handle/1993/4250
Libraries: MWU

Co-management of fisheries in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR) began with the establishment of the Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC) in 1986, one of the provisions of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement (IFA) signed in 1984. The agreement between the Inuvialuit and the Canadian Government with regards to renewable resource management was arranged as a collaborative management process that included knowledge and insight from both sides. This thesis uses the case of beluga entrapment in the Husky Lakes, NWT, to explore how co-management between the Tuktoyaktuk Hunter and Trapper Committee (HTC) and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) has changed through time in structure and process, and to determine what impacts co-management has had on Inuvialuit involvement in management. Additionally, the linkage between co-management and adaptive capacity at the local level is analyzed in order to better understand how Inuvialuit involvement in fisheries management can have beneficial impacts on cultural preservation, youth education, and employment. This study employed the use of mixed qualitative and quantitative methods within a participatory approach, which aimed at including the community of Tuktoyaktuk in every step of the research process. Qualitative methods included informal discussions, semi-directed interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Community research partners were also essential in accessing information and interviews. The quantitative method used in this study was the use of questionnaires for Social Network Analysis (SNA) in attempting to describe the changes in the management network over time. The results show that co-management has improved the quality of knowledge interactions between the Inuvialuit and government scientists, leading to better decision-making and a more integrated approach to conducting community-relevant research. Interactions between the two different forms of knowledge (local and traditional vs.scientific) are of critical importance to the efficacy of co-management. The beluga entrapment issue is currently managed with strategies that have been co-produced by the Inuvialuit, government managers and scientists. As of 2009, the Inuvialuit consider themselves equal partners in the management process and they say they are being treated as such. Co-management has had positive side-effects on the community of Tuktoyaktuk by providing employment opportunities, opportunities for youth education, and by creating management strategies that incorporate measures to promote cultural preservation when possible. The positive side-effects of co-management (employment, education, and cultural preservation) along with the main benefits (formal HTC-DFO linkage, knowledge-sharing, management strategy co-production, research integration) have served to empower the Inuvialuit to deal with problems, thus increasing the ability of the community to identify and adapt to environmental, economic, and cultural change. Prior to the IFA, the government controlled environmental decision-making in a topdown fashion with little or no input from the Inuvialuit. The structure of management changed significantly after the IFA due to the establishment of a formalized linkage between the local HTC with the DFO through the FJMC. This formal management network prevented undue influence from special interest organizations that had interfered in management before the IFA. The management process continued to evolve as the FJMC matured and linkages between the HTC and DFO became more sophisticated through time. This study quantifies the structural change of the network in terms of connectedness of key individuals, the density of connections between network members, and the degree of centralization, which is a metric used to approximate how easily knowledge and other resources can flow through the network. The network has progressed from 1966 to the present in several ways: (1) more individuals have been involved in the decisions; (2) key network members include Inuvialuit and non-Inuvialuit; (3) there has been an increasing degree of communication between the network members; and (4) the decrease in centralization indicates that knowledge and other resources can flow through the network more easily. In conclusion, results from this study show that co-management under the FJMC has been effective and equitable, as judged by the beluga entrapment case. It can be said that the two parties in this co-management arrangement do not have equal power: the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans has the legal right to reject management recommendations from the FJMC. However, this power inequity has not been a roadblock for effective Inuvialuit involvement. The results of this study cannot be generalized to all co-management cases because each situation is unique. However, the major factors leading to effective comanagement in this case provide insights for establishing, improving, or assessing any co-management case: a formally established co-management arrangement, structural organization conducive to knowledge sharing, involvement of senior personnel as key individuals, and a long adjustment and trust-building period. (Au)

N, I, T, R
Adaptability (Psychology); Beluga whales; Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans; Capacity building; Co-management; Culture (Anthropology); Education; Effects monitoring; Fish management; Fisheries Joint Management Committee (Canada); Government relations; Inuit; Native land claims; Native organizations; Social interaction; Social media; Social surveys; Socio-economic effects; Theses; Traditional knowledge; Wildlife management; Youth

G0812, G07
Eskimo Lakes, N.W.T.; Inuvialuit Settlement Region waters, N.W.T./Yukon; Inuvialuit Settlement Region, N.W.T./Yukon; Tuktoyaktuk waters, N.W.T.; Tuktoyaktuk, N.W.T.

Ecology of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in western Hudson Bay, Canada   /   Vincent-Chambellant, M.   Ferguson, S.H. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2010.
xxiv, 255 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR71120)
ISBN 9780494711200
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2010.
References.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76115 describes chapter 3 as published as a separate manuscript.
Also available on the Web from University of Manitoba.
ASTIS record 76457.
Languages: English
Web: http://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/bitstream/1993/4159/1/Vincent-Chambellant_Magaly.pdf
Libraries: OONL MWU

Recently, Hudson Bay experienced unidirectional trends in temperature, sea-ice extent, time of break-up, and length of the open-water season. Predicted impacts on population dynamics of ice-associated species include habitat loss and shift in prey availability. The ringed seal (Phoca hispida) depends on a stable ice platform with sufficient snow depth and a productive open-water season for reproduction and survival. Evidence of ringed seal sensitivity to environmental variations has been reported, but mechanisms involved were poorly understood. In western Hudson Bay, density, life-history traits, and diet of ringed seals were monitored over two decades, providing an opportunity to understand the effects of climatic variations on the population dynamics of this long-lived carnivore. Ringed seal density was estimated through strip-transect analyses after aerial surveys were flown in western Hudson Bay in late spring during the annual moult in the 1990s and 2000s. During these periods, ringed seals were also sampled from Inuit subsistence fall harvests. In Arviat, NU, and ages, reproductive status, percentage of pups in the harvest, body condition, and diet were assessed. Strong inter-annual variations in these parameters were observed, and a decadal cycle was suggested and related to variations in the sea-ice regime. The cold and heavy ice conditions that prevailed in western Hudson Bay in 1991-92 likely induced a decrease in pelagic productivity, reducing the availability to ringed seals of sand lances (Ammodytes sp.), their major prey. The nutritional stress endured, combined with a strong predation pressure, led to a decrease in ringed seal reproductive performances, pup survival, and density during the 1990s. The recovery of ringed seal demographic parameters and number in the 2000s was associated with the immigration of pups, juveniles, and young adults into western Hudson Bay. Impact of current climatic trends on ringed seal population dynamics was not apparent, but considering the limited range of environmental variations tolerated by ringed seals, the response of this species to climate warming might be of a catastrophic type. Ringed seals were found to be good indicators of ecosystem changes, and long-term monitoring of the species in Hudson Bay should be a priority. (Au)

I, E, G, J, N
Aerial surveys; Animal distribution; Animal ecology; Animal food; Animal health; Animal population; Animal reproduction; Bioclimatology; Breakup; Climate change; Density; Effects monitoring; Environmental impacts; Marine ecology; Predation; Sea ice; Sea ice ecology; Seals (Animals); Subsistence; Temporal variations; Theses; Wildlife habitat

G0814, G0813
Arviat, Nunavut; Hudson Bay

Carbon dioxide and energy exchanges in the coastal zone of Hudson Bay   /   Scott, G.J.B.   Papakyriakou, T. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2010.
ix, 118 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR77383 )
Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 2010.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web supplied by University of Manitoba.
References.
Appendices.
ASTIS record 76452.
Languages: English
Web: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4364
Libraries: MWU OONL

An eddy covariance system and micrometeorological station was deployed at two locations along the coastline of Hudson Bay during the summers of 2005 and 2006 to document and to understand mass and energy fluxes in high-latitude intertidal and near-shore environments. Despite the proximity of these two zones, it was found that they exhibited distinctly different characteristics. The near-shore zone was a sink for CO2 with an average uptake of -0.11 µmol/m²/s and the intertidal zone tended to be a source of CO2 with an average efflux of 0.04 µmol/m²/s with considerable variability due to the action of the tides. Sensible heat fluxes in the near-shore zone tended to be small and negative and both latent and sensible heat fluxes were significantly enhanced in the intertidal zone. Significantly, increasing wind velocities did not appear to play a role in the enhancement of these fluxes and onshore winds were observed to be unusually dry. As such, key differences were observed that stood in contrast to the results and the conclusions of other flux studies conducted in similar high-latitude coastal-marine environments. It is suggested that these differences could only be understood in the context of the proximity of these areas of living and dead kelp, their respective differences in water depth and the occasional occurrence of a sea-breeze effect that may have implications for the observed fluxes in these areas. (Au)

E, D, A, H, J
Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric humidity; Atmospheric temperature; Bathymetry; Carbon; Carbon cycling; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Density; Diurnal variations; Energy budgets; Heat budgets; Intertidal zones; Kelps; Mathematical models; Measurement; Meteorological instruments; Microclimatology; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Plant respiration; Primary production (Biology); Radiation budgets; Seasonal variations; Shorelines; Solar radiation; Surface properties; Surface temperature; Synoptic climatology; Theses; Tides; Winds

G0824
Hudson Bay region, Manitoba

Augmentation récente du couvert ligneux érigé dans les environs de Kangiqsualujjuaq (Nunavik, Québec)   /   Tremblay, B.   Lévesque, E. [Supervisor]
Trois-Rivières, Québec : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010.
x, 63 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR62542)
ISBN 9780494625422
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, 2010.
Appendices.
References.
Indexed a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Contents: Chapitre I: Résume substantiel - Chapitre II: Recent expansion of erect woody vegetation in the Canadian eastern low Arctic / B. Tremblay, E. Lévesque et S. Boudreau.
ASTIS record 76444.
Languages: English or French
Web: http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1218/1/030140099.pdf
Libraries: OONL

L'Arctique se réchauffe et change. Un peu partout dans les régions nordiques, les écosystèmes subissent des modifications plus ou moins importantes à plusieurs niveaux, ce qui est attesté autant par les résultats de multiples études scientifiques (Keeling et al., 1996; Serreze et al., 2000; Stunn et al., 2003; Hinzman et al., 2005) que par le savoir écologique des habitants du Grand Nord (Nickels et al., 2002; Thorpe et al., 2002). Une des réponses fonctionnelles majeures des écosystèmes terrestres suite au réchauffement du climat est la modification du couvert végétal (Levis et al., 1999; Kittel et al., 2000; Beringer et al., 2005; Tape et al., 2006). Les arbustes érigés (>=0,5 m) sont panni les plantes de toundra qui répondent le plus au changement environnemental, ce qui les rend particulièrement importants pour les écosystèmes nordiques (Bret-Harte et al., 2002). Il n'est donc pas surprenant que la zone de transition entre la toundra herbacée et la toundra arbustive réponde le plus rapidement au réchauffement actuel (Epstein et al., 2004). Lors d'études expérimentales visant à évaluer les réponses à court tenne de la toundra arctique face à des réchauffements atmosphériques légers imposés par l'installation de serres ouvertes, les arbustes érigés ont réagi, parfois de façon remarquable, par le biais d'une croissance accrue et de la fenneture du couvert par les plants préétablis (Chapin et al., 1995; Chapin et Shaver, 1996; Hobbie et Chapin, 1998; Bret-Harte et al., 2001, 2002; Van Wijk et al., 2003; Jonsdottir et al., 2005; Wahren et al., 2005; Walker et al., 2006). Cette réponse au réchauffement expérimental était accompagnée d'effets délétères sur les éléments non vasculaires du couvert végétal (Walker et al., 2006). Des données expérimentales récentes suggèrent par ailleurs que l'augmentation du couvert arbustif pourrait favoriser le recrutement d'espèces arborescentes telles que les épinettes noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) et blanche (P. glauca (Moench)Voss) dans la zone de transition entre la toundra forestière et la toundra arbustive (effet de facilitation; Cranston et Hennanutz, en prép.). Une augmentation du couvert d'arbustes érigés a des conséquences importantes sur plusieurs facteurs écologiques. Elle altère l'équilibre énergétique en réduisant l'albédo et en haussant le flux de chaleur sensible vers l'atmosphère et le sol (Stunn et al., 2005a). Elle altère aussi l'équilibre chimique, au niveau du carbone via des changements dans la production et le stockage du matériel ligneux, en retenant davantage les débris organiques en transit (Fahnestock et al., 2000) et en stimulant une plus grande décomposition hivernale, la température du sol étant plus élevée sous la neige retenue par les arbustes (Grogan et Chapin, 2000; Schimel et al., 2004; Stunn et al., 2005b). Enfin, elle altère l'hydrologie en haussant l'évapotranspiration estivale ainsi que la quantité de neige retenue en hiver, et en modifiant la profondeur du mollisol et ses caractéristiques hydrauliques (Stunn et al., 2001a; Pomeroy et al., 2006; Strack et al., 2007). Stunn et al. (2001b) et Beringer et al. (2005) suggèrent d'ailleurs qu'une expansion panarctique du couvert arbustif créera une rétroaction positive qui résultera en un réchauffement supplémentaire de l'Arctique. Les liens qui unissent une hausse du couvert arbustif et la faune, dont le caribou qui constitue globalement le principal brouteur de la toundra arctique, sont mal compris et peu documentés. Un des liens est bien entendu celui des ressources alimentaires qui, si modifiées par les changements climatiques, auront un impact sur la dynamique des populations (Lenart et al., 2002). Le bouleau glanduleux (Betula glandulosa Michx.) représente l'une des principales espèces composant le régime alimentaire du caribou (Crête et al., 1990) et le saule laineux (Salix lanata L. sensu lato, i.e. S. calcicola Fern. & Wieg. et S. richardsonii Hook.) constitue dans certains cas une part sub stanti elle de sa diète estivale (Ouellet et al., 1994). Une analyse récente des cernes de croissance de saules laineux provenant de la toundra arctique russe a d'ailleurs révélé une croissance accrue de cette espèce durant les 60 dernières années (Forbes et al., sous presse). Il semble donc que l'expansion de certaines espèces ligneuses érigées comme le bouleau glanduleux et les saules puisse être bénéfique pour le caribou, bien que la hauteur et la densité du couvert puissent éventuellement influencer leurs déplacements et entraîner une modification des routes migratoires. Sur le plan humain, un couvert arbustif plus abondant, plus dense et plus haut peut entraver les déplacements des habitants du Nord et nuire aux arbrisseaux producteurs de petits fruits charnus, diminuant leur disponibilité pour l'alimentation et affectant les aires traditionnelles de récolte. Les évidences d'une expansion du couvert arbustif dans l'Arctique sont peu nombreuses et souvent anecdotiques. À notre connaissance, la seule étude à démontrer clairement une augmentation récente de ce type de couvert tout en fournissant des données précises sur l'ampleur du changement et sur les espèces responsables est celle de Tape et al. (2006). Ces auteurs ont documenté une augmentation substantielle des arbustes érigés durant les 50 dernières années sur 320 km² de paysages arctiques en Alaska. Des évidences indirectes d'une augmentation récente des arbustes érigés dans l'Arctique proviennent d'analyses d'images satellitaires qui démontrent une hausse constante du Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dans les latitudes nordiques de l'Amérique du Nord au cours des 20 dernière années (Myneni et al., 1997; Goetz et al., 2005). Dans la toundra, cet indice augmente de façon constante et uniforme en fonction de l'abondance des arbustes (Jia et al., 2004). Par ailleurs, une migration relativement récente de la limite des arbres vers le nord est rapportée par plusieurs auteurs, notamment en Alaska (Cooper, 1986; Rowland, 1996; Suarez et al., 1999; Lloyd et al., 2002; Lloyd et Fastie, 2003), au Manitoba (Scott et al., 1987; Scott et Hansell, 2002), au Québec (Garnache et Payette, 2004, 2005) ainsi qu'en Russie (Shvartsman et al., 1999). Puisque cette remontée de la limite des arbres semble résulter de conditions climatiques plus chaudes (Shvartsman et al., 1999; Garnache et Payette, 2004; Hinzman et al., 2005), on peut s'attendre à ce que, dans ces régions, les éléments arbustifs du couvert végétal répondent eux aussi positivement. (Au)

H, A
Aerial photography; Aspect; Black spruces; Climate change; Dendrochronology; Effects of climate on plants; Growing season; Larches; Mapping; Palsas; Plant cover; Plant distribution; Plant growth; Shrubs; Slopes; Temporal variations; Theses; Treeline

G0826
Kangiqsualujjuaq region, Québec

Modélisation de la variabilité saisonnière et de la sensibilité au climat des productions glacielle et pélagique de la baie d'Hudson   /   Sibert, V.   Zakardjian, B. [Supervisor]   Le Clainche, Y. [Supervisor]
Rimouski, Québec : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2010.
xxx, 209 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR74504)
ISBN 9780494745045
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, 2010.
References.
Indexed a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Contents: Chapitre I: Introduction générale - Chapitre II: Article 1. Spatial and temporal variability of ice algal production in a 3D ice-ocean model of the Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait and Foxe Basin system - Chapitre III: Article 2. 3D bio-physical model of the sympagic and planktonic production in the Hudson Bay system - Chapitre IV: Article 3. Étude de sensibilité des productions glacielle et pélagique du système de la baie d'Hudson à l'augmentation des températures de l'air au moyen d'un modèle couplé bio-physique.
ASTIS record 76442.
Languages: English or French
Web: http://semaphore.uqar.ca/426/
Libraries: OONL

Le système de la baie d'Hudson, comprenant la baie d'Hudson, la baie James, le détroit d'Hudson et le bassin de Foxe, représente la plus grande mer intérieure des régions polaires. Sa situation géographique et océanographique, ainsi que son immense bassin versant, lui confèrent un rôle prédominant dans le climat régional du Canada, mais aussi une importante sensibilité face aux changements du climat récemment observés. Afin de mieux comprendre les conditions environnementales et biologiques qui régissent ce système, des programmes de recherches tels que MERICA ou ArcticNet ont été récemment mis en place. L'acquisition de données in situ reste toutefois limitée spatialement et temporellement à la période estivale libre de glace. Nous avons donc utilisé au cours de cette thèse des outils de simulation numérique afin de mieux comprendre la variabilité spatio-temporelle de ces écosystèmes polaires et leurs capacités d'adaptation face aux changements climatiques. Les chapitres 2 à 4 de cette thèse présentent une approche globale par modélisation de la dynamique des cycles biogéochimiques du système de la baie d'Hudson au moyen de modèles biologiques simples et adaptés aux conditions prévalant dans les régions arctiques. Le chapitre 2 est entièrement dédié au développement d'un modèle de production des algues de glace et à son couplage au modèle physique 3D couplé glace de mer - océan du système de la baie d'Hudson. Ce modèle donne une réponse cohérente et réaliste de la production des algues de glace à la limitation de la lumière par le couvert de glace, ainsi qu'aux concentrations en sels nutritifs dans la colonne d'eau. La forte variabilité spatio-petite échelle dans le bassin de Foxe), sont liés à la présence de zones de production de glace (polynies) à l'ouest tandis que l'est représente une zone d'accumulation de glace peu favorable à la pénétration de la lumière et donc à la croissance des algues de glace, et ce malgré leur capacité de photoacclimationdont le modèle tient compte. Cette première étude donne une estimation de la production glacielle de ce système de l'ordre de 3 à 4 g C/m²/y. En comparant avec les estimations récentes de la production primaire totale du système (30-50 g C/m²/y), les algues de glace contribueraient donc de façon importante à la dynamique biologique de cet écosystème. Le troisième chapitre de cette thèse a intégré cette composante glacielle de production primaire à un modèle de production planctonique préexistant adapté au cas particulier des environnements polaires. Ce modèle a permis de généraliser les connaissances déjà acquises sur ce système, distinguant quatre sous-systèmes aux caractéristiques physiques et biologiques très dissemblables: le détroit d'Hudson, l'ouest et l'est de la baie d'Hudson et le bassin de Foxe. L'ensemble des caractéristiques physico-chimiques déterminent la productivité de chacun des sous-systèmes, ainsi que la contribution relative des algues de glace à la production primaire totale. L'ouest de la baie apparaît comme largement influencé par un couvert de glace persistant mais peu épais (polynie), et par des apports en sels nutritifs suffisants pour soutenir un bloom d'algues de glace et un bloom relativement important de phytoplancton. Les conditions inverses prévalant dans l'est de la baie (fort couvert de glace associé à de faibles concentrations en sels nutritifs) induisent logiquement des productions beaucoup plus faibles pour ces deux composantes principales de la production primaire. Au contraire, dans le détroit d' Hudson, le couvert de glace trop mince (fonte rapide) associé à des apports continus en sels nutritifs (mélange important) est défavorable à la production des algues de glace mais soutient en revanche un bloom très important de phytoplancton. Enfin, le bassin de Foxe est un sous-système à lui seul réunissant (par sa situation géographique notamment) les conditions observées pour l'ensemble des trois autres sous systèmes (stratification, mélange, glaces minces et épaisses ...). Les flux de matière vers le benthos simulés dépendent largement de la bathymétrie et des processus advectifs, conduisant à des situations de couplage/découplage entre les zones de plus forte production et les zones de plus forte accumulation dans chaque sous-système, corroborant ainsi certaines observations de production benthique dans le système. La très forte variabilité spatio-temporelle (à l'échelle de la saison) simulée par ce modèle a été soumise à un scénario simple de changement climatique basé sur l'augmentation des températures de l'air. Les productions glacielles et pélagiques sont globalement favorisées en réponse directe à la diminution du couvert de glace (et non à sa disparition). L'augmentation de la lumière disponible pour les algues de glace à la base du couvert de glace, mais aussi dans la colonne d'eau favorise ainsi des blooms plus précoces au printemps. À l'augmentation de la production primaire totale du système, est associée une augmentation de la production secondaire et une intensification des flux de matière organique particulaire vers le benthos. La sensibilité à l'augmentation des températures de l'air semble donc indiquer que l'on peut s'attendre, pour les prochaines décennies, à une intensification des cycles biogéochimiques dans le système de la baie d'Hudson, bien que le scénario présenté ici ne tienne pas compte de toutes les sources de variabilité associées au changement futur du climat (c.à.d. précipitations, vents, circulation atmosphérique). (Au)

H, I, J, G, D, E, F
Algae; Animal food; Biomass; Carbon; Chlorophyll; Food chain; Grazing; Light; Mathematical models; Melting; Microbial ecology; Nitrogen; Ocean currents; Ocean temperature; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Photosynthesis; Phytoplankton; Plant distribution; Plant growth; Plant nutrition; Primary production (Biology); Runoff; Salinity; Sea ice; Sea ice ecology; Seasonal variations; Sedimentation; Spatial distribution; Suspended solids; Temporal variations; Theses; Thickness; Tides; Winds; Zooplankton

G0814, G0815
Foxe Basin, Nunavut; Hudson Bay; Hudson Strait, Nunavut/Québec; James Bay

Obesity and dietary transition and their correlates with fatty acids and desaturases in three distinct populations   /   Zhou, Y.   Egeland, G.M. [Supervisor]   Kubow, S. [Supervisor]
Montreal : McGill University, c2010.
xxiii, 193 p. ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR74887)
ISBN 978-0-494-74887-9
Thesis (Ph.D.) - McGill University, Montreal, 2010.
Appendices.
References.
Indexed a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76436.
Languages: English
Web: http://mcgill.worldcat.org/oclc/716257297
Libraries: QMAC

Adipose tissue has long been considered to be inert fat mass, and only in recent years has its role as an active endocrine organ been recognized. Evidence from animal models suggests that adiposity along with insulin and diet could be an independent regulator of desaturases, which are keys in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Few epidemiological studies, however, have been performed in terms of the impact of adiposity on desaturases. Among the existing studies, there was no examination of whether the regulation would be independent of insulin action and dietary intake. The dietary transition among Canadian Indigenous Peoples and the consequent health transition, including the emergence of obesity, have been well documented; however, it is not known how dietary and metabolic changes might affect the status of highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids (HUFA n-3) that are implicated to be protective against chronic disease risk. The thesis work is composed of three studies. Study 1: The fatty acid composition of fasting plasma from 178 apparently healthy female adolescents from a Montreal gestational diabetes cohort was analyzed. Independent of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake and the level of insulin resistance, adiposity was demonstrated to be positively predictive of Delta 9. The activity of Delta 9 was, in turn, positively correlated with fasting plasma triglycerides (TG) and apoliproprotein B (Apo B). Study 2: The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes from fasting blood was assessed from 168 Cree adults living in a single Cree community in northern Québec who were participating in a diabetes screening program. Inter-generational differences existed in terms of HUFA n-3 status. Adiposity was significantly but inversely associated with Delta 5. The latter relationship was also observed among Cree with impaired fasting glucose, among whom insulin resistance was not a significant predictor of Delta 5. Study 3: The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes from fasting blood was determined from 2200 Inuit adults from Nunatsiavut, Nunavut and Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR) participating the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey. Biochemical measures including of hemoglobin, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) from 1528 Inuit adults were examined. Pronounced inter-generational and regional differences across Canadian Arctic regions regarding HUFA n-3 status were observed among Inuit. HUFA n-3 status was inversely related to SFA and TFA status. Additionally, HUFA n-3 status was associated with the presence of iron deficiency (ID) among Inuit; however, only a weak correlation was demonstrated indicating the need for confirmatory studies. In summary, this thesis work involving both female adolescents and the Cree and Inuit adult population has indicated that adiposity plays a more direct role in regulating fatty acid metabolism than previously realized via the demonstration of strong independent associations of adiposity with Delta 5 and Delta 9 desaturase activities. In terms of the Canadian indigenous peoples, the adverse effects on n-3 fatty acid metabolism mediated by relatively high prevalence of obesity could exacerbate chronic disease risk along with the diminishing consumption of HUFA n-3 rich traditional foods. (Au)

T, K, R, N, I
Age; Anemia; Animals; Anthropometry; Biochemistry; Blood; Caucasians; Costs; Cree Indians; Diabetes; Diseases; Economic conditions; Effects monitoring; Fatty acids; Food; Health; Hunting; Inuit; Inuit languages; Marine mammals; Metabolism; Obesity; Participatory action research; Proteins; Public participation; Risk assessment; Rural conditions; Social change; Social conditions; Social surveys; Socio-economic effects; Spatial distribution; Subsistence; Theses; Women; Youth

G0813, G0812, G0827, G0826
Inuvialuit Settlement Region, N.W.T./Yukon; Mistissini, Québec; Montréal, Québec; Nouveau-Québec; Nunatsiavut, Labrador; Nunavik, Québec; Nunavut

Movement and diving of northern Hudson Bay narwhals (Monodon monoceros) : relevance to stock assessment and hunt co-management   /   Westdal, K.H.   Riewe, R. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2009.
110 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR53086)
ISBN 9780494530863
Thesis (M.Env.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2009.
References.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Appendices.
ASTIS record 76456.
Languages: English
Libraries: OONL MWU

The Northern Hudson Bay narwhal (Monodon monoceros) population gathers in the area of Repulse Bay, Nunavut in the summer season This population is culturally important to the local Inuit communities and is hunted for subsistence purposes. The narwhal population is co-managed by the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. There is some uncertainty as to the population size, where this population of narwhal migrates in the winter, if its range overlaps with that of other narwhal populations and whether it is hunted by additional communities than Repulse Bay. The purpose of this research is to improve population estimates of narwhals summering near Repulse Bay, to determine if this population is geographically separate from other narwhal populations, to identify summer movement in the Repulse Bay area and to add to written documentation of local knowledge of the species, held only by community members, that may provide insight related to these issues. I combined satellite telemetry data and local knowledge to gain a greater understanding of the population for management purposes. I used satellite telemetry data from five narwhals tagged in August of 2006 and four in August of 2007 in the Repulse Bay area, and analysis of local knowledge from seventeen interviews conducted with hunters and elders in the community of Repulse Bay in July and August of 2007. Research results will benefit co-management bodies and the community of Repulse Bay by providing written documentation of local knowledge of the species and by improving the current population estimate of narwhal from which sustainable harvest levels can be managed. August spatial distribution of the NHB narwhal did not fall entirely within the boundaries of past aerial survey coverage, and future aerial survey will need to be expanded to account for this. Surface times recorded from diving data, used to calculate an aerial survey correction factor, were found to be different from that of High Arctic narwhal. This difference, although not comparable statistically due to small sample size used in the High Arctic calculation, results in a higher population estimate for the NHB narwhal population. Lastly, data gathered on winter and summer home range adds to the evidence that the NHB narwhal is a separate population to that of the Baffin Bay narwhal. Narwhal are important culturally, spiritually and economically to the people of Repulse Bay. Involving the community in this research and in future research is key to successful co-management partnerships. (Au)

I, N, T, L
Aerial surveys; Animal distribution; Animal population; Animal tagging; Co-management; Diving (Animals); Epistemology; Inuit; Narwhals; Quotas; Satellite communications; Science; Seasonal variations; Social surveys; Subsistence; Telemetry; Theses; Traditional knowledge; Whaling; Wildlife management

G0813, G0814, G09
Baffin Bay-Davis Strait; Hudson Bay; Hudson Bay region, Nunavut; Repulse Bay (Hamlet), Nunavut; Repulse Bay, Nunavut

The modern organic carbon cycle in Hudson Bay, an Arctic coastal sea undergoing change   /   Kuzyk, Z.Z.A.   Macdonald, R. [Supervisor]   Stern, G. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, c2009.
xi, 277 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR64322)
ISBN 9780494643228
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2009.
References.
Indexed a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76455.
Languages: English
Libraries: MWU

Arctic coastal seas are important sites of organic carbon cycling. Projected changes in Arctic temperatures, river inflows and sea ice conditions will affect this cycling, with consequences for local ecosystems and global carbon cycles. To predict and measure the effects of change requires in-depth understanding of organic matter (OM) sources and processes controlling production, transport and burial. In this thesis, various geochemical tools were applied to study the modern organic carbon cycle in Hudson Bay, a large but poorly-known Arctic inland sea, which is undergoing change more rapidly than other Arctic areas. Organic compositional data for sediments and suspended particulate samples from marine and river waters, together with a biogeochemical box model for nitrate, revealed that new marine primary production is concentrated in inshore surface waters, where there is increased upwelling of deep, nutrient-rich waters. This is probably supported in part by nutrient entrainment related to the large volume of river inflow to the Bay, which circulates through the inshore region. River inflow also provides the largest source of allochthonous (terrigenous) OM. Bulk (C/N, d 13 C, d15 N) and specific organic biomarkers (lignin) showed that heterogeneous terrestrial materials undergo hydrodynamic sorting in the coastal zone, resulting in the coarse fraction being retained near river mouths while a fine fraction undergoes transport by marine currents. Seasonal sea ice cover interacts with winter/spring river inflow to influence OM production and transport indirectly. Sediment and particulate organic carbon budgets showed that resuspension and lateral transport of fine-grained coastal sediments is also an important process, supplying most of the sediment for contemporary burial of OM and as much terrigenous OM as river inflow and subaerial coastal erosion combined. Resuspension also supplies offshore Hudson Bay with old (glacigenic) marine carbon, supporting slightly enhanced burial of marine OM in the Bay's sediments, compared to other Arctic shelves. The importance of resuspension likely reflects the exceptional postglacial isostatic rebound (relative sea-level fall) ongoing in Hudson Bay. Hypothesized transitional sedimentary and OC regimes in Hudson Bay pose challenges for interpreting responses to climate change and using Hudson Bay as a sentinel for change in Arctic coastal seas. (Au)

J, B, D, H, G, F, E, C
Algae; Beach erosion; Biomass; Bottom sediments; Carbon; Carbon cycling; Carbonates; Cesium; Chlorophyll; Climate change; Cores; Geochemistry; Hydrology; Isotopes; Lead; Mass balance; Mass spectrometry; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Particulate organic matter; Permafrost; Primary production (Biology); Radionuclides; Radon; River discharges; Rivers; Runoff; Salinity; Sea ice; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Spatial distribution; Suspended solids; Theses; Water masses

G0814, G0815, G0824, G0826
Churchill Estuary, Manitoba; Churchill River, Manitoba/Saskatchewan; Foxe Basin, Nunavut; Hudson Bay; Hudson Bay region; Hudson Strait, Nunavut/Québec; James Bay; James Bay region; Manitounuk, Passage de, Québec

Des hommes et des caribous : impacts de l'établissement du Programme d'aide pour la chasse, la pêche et le piégeage sur la mémoire et l'identité des Naskapis de Kawawachikamach   /   Marquis, J.-P.   Dorais, L.-J. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2009.
vii, 123 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
References.
Appendix.
Thesis (M.A.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, 2009.
Indexed a PDF file obtained from Laval Université.
English abstract provided.
ASTIS record 76447.
Languages: French
Web: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26496/
Libraries: OONL QQLA

At the end of the 1970s, the Naskapi of Quebec signed the Northeastern Quebec Agreement (N.E.Q.A.) with the Government of Quebec. This agreement offers compensations and benefits to any Naskapi who do not have the physical or economic resources to practise their traditional hunting practices. In order to meet this aim, Naskapi set up the Hunter Support Program (H.S.P.). This program, which was founded in 1978, is intended to provide income, services and other incentives for Naskapi who wish to continue their traditional practices and in particular hunting activities. Among these hunting activities which Naskapi wish to preserve, caribou hunting is valued as the most important in the community for various reasons. Mainly, this highly significant activity was at the base of their lifestyle as well as their universe. Since the introduction of this program, no research has investigated what have been the impacts of this program on the collective memory and the identity of Naskapi. Having chosen a qualitative research at the time of my research, I conducted fieldwork in Kawawachikamach, Quebec from April 20th to June 21st, 2008 where I interviewed twelve Naskapi. These interviews enabled me to identify various aspects of their culture which Naskapi wish to preserve, protect and transmit to the future generations by the means of caribou hunting. As my research interests were concerned particularly with the hunting support program, I tried to understand how and in what ways this program takes part in the safeguarding of the collective memory and the identity of the Naskapi of Kawawachikamach. In this matter, my findings show that some practices linked with caribou hunting are always practised by Naskapi and that the program in question inconstestably plays a positive role in this community. Not only does the program organize the caribou hunting activities each year, facilitating the sharing of meat within the community, the use of certain parts of the caribou, the integration of young people to hunting and the organization of feasts, but above all else, it allows Naskapi who cannot ensure the economic and physical costs of caribou hunting to also be able to continue the practise of this highly significant activity. (Au)

N, R, T, J, I, V
Caribou; Culture (Anthropology); Ethnography; Food; History; Hunter Support Programme; Hunting; Identity; Innu; Native land claims; Northeastern Quebec Agreement, 1978; Social surveys; Socio-economic effects; Subsistence; Theses; Traditional knowledge; Traditional land use and occupancy; Traditional native spirituality

G0826
Kawawachikamach, Québec; Schefferville region, Québec; Ungava, Baie d', region, Québec

Effet fertilisant de la grande oie des neiges : cinq ans de suivi de l'azote et du phosphore dans les polygones de tourbe de l'île Bylot au Nunavut   /   Marchand-Roy, M.   Rochefort, L. [Supervisor]   Gauthier, G. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2009.
x, 89 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cn,
References.
Appendices.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, 2009.
Indexed a PDF file obtained from Laval Université.
English abstract supplied.
ASTIS record 76443.
Languages: French
Web: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26062/
Libraries: OONL QQLA

Short-term fertilization studies showed that the occurrence of a dense moss carpet was a constraint to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) recycling by the graminoids in the polygon-patterned fens of the Arctic, where herbivores like geese feed. This constraint would delay the fertilizing effect of their faeces filled with readily available nutrients (N and P) for the grazed plants. In this context, a long-term fertilization experiment, with 14 treatments (N, P, N+P, feaces and glycine) was conducted in the polygon-patterned fens of Bylot Island, a Canadian High-Arctic site. The goal was to simulate the presence of the Greater Snow goose who feeds there every summer. Our results show, after five years of fertilization with a density of faeces twice as important as the one of the actual geese population, a strong tendency towards an increase growth of the graminoids. Otherwise, only a higher fertilization with inorganic nitrogen (>= 1 g N/m²/year), in order to reach the moss carpet saturation point, has a significant effect on their growth. In addition, the litter decomposition is then favored. This study also reveals that the absorption of N and P by the vegetation is not clearly promoted by combined additions of these nutrients instead of additions of N or P alone. On the other hand, the frequency of nutrient additions (single vs. annual) influences the growth of the mosses, but not the one of the graminoids. As a matter of fact, the mosses took advantage of annual doses of nutrients instead of receiving the equivalent completely on the first year of the experiment. As geese come back every summer to the study site, it then seems that their fertilizing effect is more important on the mosses then on the grazed graminoids. Those vascular plants also undercompensate the loss of tissue to grazing, which reduces their overall cover and probably gives the mosses a better access to light. To conclude, in Bylot Island, it appears that the geese would help to maintain a cover of bryophytes typical of arctic polygon-patterned fens. (Au)

I, H, C, J, A
Biodegradation; Biomass; Bryophytes; Environmental impacts; Fertilizers; Grasses; Grazing; Greater Snow Geese; Manures; Mosses; Nitrogen; Nitrogen cycling; Phosphorus; Plant ecology; Plant growth; Plant nutrition; Taiga ecology; Theses; Wetlands

G0813
Bylot Island, Nunavut

Analyse de stabilité d'un système de Saint-Venant et étude d'un modèle de sédimentation   /   Toumbou, B.   Le Roux, D. [Supervisor]   Sene, A. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2009.
101 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
Thesis (Ph.D) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, 2009.
References.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web.
ASTIS record 76441.
Languages: English or French
Web: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26050/26050.pdf
Libraries: OONL

We perform the dispersion analysis of a linear shallow water model in the first part of the document. Our study is based on Fourier analysis. We used the Adams-Bashforth scheme with three steps as time discretisation scheme. The spatial discretisation is done with the finite element pairs P1NC - P1 and RTo. The dispersion relation obtained with each of these two finite element pairs allows us to plot the modulus of each of their resulting roots. Finally, we compare these two finite element pairs in terms of stability and spurious modes. We present in the second part an existence theorem of a 2-D sedimentation model which couples a Saint-Venant system with a sediment transport equation. This part contains two chapters. In the first one we establish the coupled model. In fact we integrate the 3-D Navier-Stokes equations over the height of the water column taking into account the bed evolution in space and in time. This allows us to obtain the Saint-Venant part of the model. A sediment transport equation related to the bathymetry will be coupled with the obtained Saint-Venant system. In the second chapter we prove an existence theorem of the coupled model. To solve the theoretical model we set the problem in finite dimensional spaces. We use a Brouwer fix point theorem to obtain a solution of the finite dimensional problem. Consequently, we show that the limits of the sequences solution of the finite dimensional problem satisfy the model equations. A numerical study of a more general coupled model is done in chapter 5. An implicit Euler and a Crank Nicholson temporal discretisation scheme are used and three finite element combinations are explored. They are P1 - P1 - P1, P2 - P1 - P1 and MINI - P1. (Au)

D, F, E
Atmospheric circulation; Bathymetry; Boundary layers; Flow; Groundwater; Hydrodynamics; Hydrology; Mathematical models; Ocean waves; Oceanography; Rivers; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Theses; Tides; Velocity

G16

Investigating the response of ground penetrating radar over snow covered sea ice   /   Trachtenberg, M.A.   Shafai, L. [Supervisor]   Barber, D. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2008.
xvi, 137 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR41478)
ISBN 9780494414781
Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2008.
References.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Appendices.
ASTIS record 76460.
Languages: English
Libraries: OONL MWU

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the performance of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system over snow covered sea ice. Field data collected in the Canadian Arctic is compared with simulation results obtained with use of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) technique, at 250 MHz and 1 GHz centre frequencies. This comparison evaluates the accuracy of the modelling method by use of trace profiles to assess how well results can be aligned in terms of the response pattern in both media. In the field, the remote sensing GPR tool was reliable in determining physical first-year sea ice thickness accurately at both frequencies. In first-year sea ice conditions, the GPR units could both determine thickness accurately at both frequencies within a 10 cm accuracy and detect the presence of anisotropy from the bottom reflections. The average permittivity of the first-year sea ice examined was epsilon r = 3.5. Snow thickness measurements obtained with the 1 GHz system could resolve depths of roughly 12 cm and greater, or approximately a minimum half wavelength in the medium. The average permittivity in the dry snow was epsilon r = 1.64. In the multiyear sea ice investigations, the thickness could not be determined due to the surrounding ice floes having subsurface water horizons, or a thickness surpassing the maximum penetration depth of the system. A limitation of the field data sets is that wet snow was not encountered. The 3D computer model is based on the bistatic structure of the GPR units. The system consists of two centre-fed, resistively loaded, linearly polarized dipole antennas with a metal shield enclosure that is approximated by a perfect electric conductor (PEC). The stratified geophysical models used for simulation correspond to the inhomogeneity and thickness of the snow cover and sea ice examined in the field campaigns. The results of the snow covered first-year sea ice simulation are in good agreement when compared with the field data in that the magnitude and waveform of the signal at key points align. Due to the high physical variability, an accurate model for the GPR system over multiyear sea ice was not feasible. (Au)

G, F, A
Aerial surveys; Cores; Density; Electrical properties; Ground penetrating radar; Ice floes; Instruments; Mathematical models; Measurement; Passive microwave remote sensing; Physical properties; Radar; River ice; Salinity; Sea ice; Snow; Sonar; Temperature; Theses; Thickness

G0824, G0815
Churchill Estuary, Manitoba; Northwest Passage

Phénologie, effort de reproduction et variabilité climatique : une étude à long terme de Dryas integrifolia dans l'Arctique canadien   /   Levasseur, L.-G.   Lévesque, E. [Supervisor]
Trois-Rivières, Québec : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007.
ix, 75 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR62542)
ISBN 9780494368855
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, 2007.
Appendices.
References.
Indexed a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Contents: Chapitre I: Résume substantiel - Chapitre II: Recent expansion of erect woody vegetation in the Canadian eastern low Arctic / B. Tremblay, E. Lévesque et S. Boudreau.
ASTIS record 76446.
Languages: English or French
Libraries: OONL

Ce mémoire de Maîtrise en Sciences de l'Environnement présente l'analyse d'une banque de données écologiques à long terme et les résultats de travaux de terrain effectués à Baker Lake, Nunavut, durant l'été 2005 sous la direction de Dre Esther Lévesque. Il comprend 2 chapitres: le Chapitre 1, un résumé substantiel, présente brièvement la problématique, les objectifs, la méthodologie, les résultats et les conclusions de mes travaux de recherches; le Chapitre 2 est constitué d'un article scientifique rédigé en anglais qui sera soumis à une revue à comité de lecture. L'article s'intitule “Phenology, reproduction and climate variability: a 13-year study in the Canadian Arctic”. Il examine les liens entre les variations inter-annuelles du climat et celles de la phénologie et de la reproduction d'une plante vasculaire très répandue dans l'Arctique. Les informations complémentaires qui n'ont pu être incluses dans l'article scientifique se retrouvent en annexe. En annexe 1, une caractérisation approfondie d'un de nos sites est présentée (micro-climat, végétation et sol) et en annexe 2, on retrouve les résultats d'un réchauffement expérimental de la végétation à l'aide de serres ouvertes (Open Top Chambers) pendant une saison de croissance au site de Baker Lake. (Au)

H, A, E, F, J
Albedo; Atmospheric temperature; Bryophytes; Climate change; Dryas; Effects of climate on plants; Flowers; Lichens; Meteorology; Plant reproduction; Plants (Biology); Precipitation (Meteorology); Primary production (Biology); Seasonal variations; Snow; Temporal variations; Theses; Tundra ecology; Weather stations

G0813
Baker Lake region, Nunavut; Eureka, Nunavut; Tanquary Fiord region, Nunavut

Évolution spatio-temporelle des palses et des lithalses de la région des rivières Sheldrake et Nastapoka, côte Est de la Baie d'Hudson, Nunavik   /   Marchildon, C.   Allard, M. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2007.
ix, 101 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
References.
Appendices.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web from Laval Université.
ASTIS record 76445.
Languages: French
Web: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24821/
Libraries: OONL QQLA

L'étude porte sur l'évolution des palses et des lithalses à l'est de la baie d'Hudson, de leur formation à leur dégradation récente causée par le réchauffement du climat. Les lithalses se situent principalement dans la toundra arbustive à l'ouest de la limite des arbres et certaines portent sur leur sommet des coiffes de tourbe résiduelle. Cette couverture tourbeuse augmente en superficie sur les buttes vers la toundra forestière où les buttes, recouvertes de tourbe, correspondent aux palses. Les datations de tourbe basale démontrent que les tourbières se sont installées de façon généralisée et simultanée entre 7000 et 5500 ans cal. BP. Le pergélisol s'est installé entre 2300-1800 ans cal. BP, 1500-1000 ans cal. BP et entre 500 et 100 ans cal. BP. Les résultats de la cartographie comparative à partir de photos aériennes de 1957 et d'images satellites Ikonos de 2005 démontrent que le pergélisol s'est dégradé de 43% dans la région à l'étude. (Au)

H, C, E, A, B, J
Active layer; Climate change; Drainage; Effects of climate on permafrost; Frost mounds; Frozen ground; Geology; Geomorphology; Glacial deposits; Ground ice; Mapping; Palsas; Peat; Permafrost; Satellite photography; Spatial distribution; Temporal variations; Thermal regimes; Thermokarst; Theses; Treeline

G0826
Nastapoka, Rivière, region, Québec; Sheldrake, Rivière, region, Québec

Effects of dietary selenium, vitamin E, and fibre on methylmercury toxicity and kinetics in male Sprague-Dawley rats   /   Lye, E.J.D.   Chan, L. [Supervisor]
Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec : McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 2007.
xi, 77 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MQ78834)
ISBN 978-0-494-32747-0
Appendices.
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, 2007.
French summary provided.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76439.
Languages: English
Web: http://mcgill.worldcat.org/oclc/727919942
Libraries: QMM OONL

Mercury is an environmental contaminant of concern, particularly for fish eating populations. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of selenium, vitamin E, and phytate on methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity and kinetics in rats. Results show that increased selenium increases McHg in the liver, kidney, and frontal lobe of the brain, while increased vitamin E increases MeHg in the kidney but lowers McHg in the liver. Increased phytate resulted in a significant increase in MeHg in the frontal lobe. Methylmercury-treated rats on all diets showed an increased trend in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) binding in comparison with untreated rats. There was no change in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in all treatment groups. These results suggest that nutrients can alter the toxicokinetics of MeHg but none of them show clear protection in neurotoxicity in adult rats. (Au)

I, J, K
Animal behaviour; Animal food; Animal health; Animal mortality; Animal nervous systems; Animal reproduction; Animal waste products; Bioassays; Biological sampling; Environmental impacts; Enzymes; Food; Health; Internal organs; Laboratory animals; Measurement; Mercury; Necropsy; Pollution; Proteins; Rats; Selenium; Spectroscopy; Theses; Toxicity; Vitamin E

G081
Canadian Arctic

Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions on sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut   /   Nadeau, D.   Stewart, R. [Supervisor]
Montreal : McGill University, 2007.
xiv, 129 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR48249)
ISBN 9780494482490
Thesis (M.Sc.) - McGill University, Montreal, 2007.
References.
Indexed a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76438.
Languages: English
Web: http://mcgill.worldcat.org/oclc/316025224
Libraries: QMAC

Strong surface winds are an inherent aspect of the eastern Canadian Arctic climate yet few studies have focused on these features. As a result, arctic winds are often poorly predicted by current weather forecasting models. To better predict the arctic weather, we need to understand the role of the Arctic's unique geographical and meteorological features such as mountains, sea-ice and very stable atmospheric stratification. In this study, we hypothesize that these features have an impact on high wind events in the eastern Canadian Arctic. To test this, we examine the long-term data records of six meteorological stations across southern Nunavut. We also develop a severity index to characterize high wind events, based on duration, maximum gusts and mean wind speed observed. By studying the five most severe high wind events and the motion of storm systems generating strong winds, we identified how the Arctic's geographical and meteorological features enhanced strong surface winds. High wind events are usually associated with intense cyclones located over Hudson Bay or Labrador Sea, particularly in wintertime. Under this large scale setting, blocking and channeling due to the stable boundary-layer stratification typically occur at Clyde River and Iqaluit, enhancing the surface wind speed. Over flatter terrain, high wind events typically occur when the station is situated in a region of strong synoptic pressure gradient between an anticyclone and a cyclone. (Au)

E, A
Atmospheric circulation; Boundary layers; Climate change; Diurnal variations; Maps; Meteorology; Seasonal variations; Storms; Surface properties; Synoptic climatology; Theses; Topography; Velocity; Weather stations; Winds

G0813, G09, G0814, G0815, G11
Baffin Bay-Davis Strait; Baker Lake (Hamlet), Nunavut; Cambridge Bay (Settlement), Nunavut; Clyde River (Hamlet), Nunavut; Coral Harbour (Hamlet), Nunavut; Cumberland Sound, Nunavut; Hall Beach, Nunavut; Hudson Bay; Hudson Strait, Nunavut/Québec; Iqaluit, Nunavut; Labrador Sea; North Atlantic Ocean; Nunavut

Selection des sites de tanieres et des tanieres de reproduction chez le renard arctique a l'ile Bylot, Nunavut   /   Szor, G.   Berteaux, D. [Supervisor]
Rimouski, Québec : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2006.
vi, 79 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR20982)
ISBN 978-0-494-20982-0
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, 2006.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Front material, Chapter 1 and 3 and Conclusions are in French. Chapter 2 is in English.
Also available on the Web from Université du Québec à Rimouski.
ASTIS record 76462.
Languages: English or French
Web: http://chairedb.uqar.ca/Articles/M.Sc.%20Szor%202006.pdf
Libraries: QRU OONL

L'utilisation de tanières est une stratégie courante chez plusieurs carnivores terrestres, utilisant ces structures comme site de mise-bas et d'élevage des jeunes, ou simplement comme refuge ou lieu de repos. La localisation de ces tanières semble ràrement aléatoire mais plutôt influencée par l'abondance des ressources alimentaires ou la facilité d'échapper à la prédation. Le premier objectif de mon projet était de déterminer quels étaient les paramètres influençant la localisation des tanières d'un carnivore vivant dans un écosystème arctique. Nous avons examiné les caractéristiques et l'environnement de 83 tanières de renards arctiques (Alopex lagopus) sur la plaine sud de l'île Bylot, Nunavut, Canada. La topographie, le microclimat et la distribution des ressources alimentaires aux tanières (n = 83) ont été comparés aux caractéristiques de sites aléatoires dans l'aire d'étude (échelle du paysage) ainsi qu'aux caractéristiques d'autres sites potentiels dans un rayon de 100 mètres autour des tanières (échelle locale). Les tanières de renards arctiques étaient majoritairement excavées dans des buttes ou pentes naturelles, préférentiellement aux endroits où le substrat était sablonneux, assurant ainsi un bon drainage du site. Nous avons également observé une préférence pour les sites ayant un faible couvert de neige au printemps et une plus grande exposition au sud, générant ainsi une température du sol plus élevée aux tanières et donc un dégel du sol plus rapide à la fin de l'hiver. Nous suggérons que la sélection de sites bien drainés et où la fonte des neiges est accélérée permet aux renards arctiques d'avoir accès à une couche de sol meuble plus épaisse au-dessus de la strate de pergélisol. L'accès à un sol meuble, dans un environnement arctique, semblerait donc représenter le facteur limitant principal pour l'établissement de tanières chez ce carnivore. Le second objectif de mon projet était d'identifier les contraintes apparentes auxquelles les renards arctiques sont exposés lors du choix de leur site de reproduction. Nous avons comparé l'environnement de 27 tanières utilisées pour la mise-bas à l'environnement de 53 tanières inactives. La sélection d'une tanière de reproduction semble fortement liée à la distribution des ressources alimentaires ainsi qu'à la compétition intra ou interspéciflque. Plus précisément, le renard arctique sélectionne les tanières situées dans les habitats où sa proie principale (lemming) abonde ou celles localisées à proximité d'une importante source de proies alternatives (colonie d'oie). Cependant, la présence de plusieurs tanières à proximité semble diminuer l'attrait d'une tanière donnée, possiblement à cause de la compétition potentielle que ces tanières voisines génèrent. Ainsi, nous suggérons que malgré la grande abondance de tanières existantes, le nombre de tanières de haute qualité disponibles pour la reproduction demeure limité. Considérant la présence grandissante du renard roux dans le haut arctique canadien, il est donc possible qu'une importante compétition s'installe entre ces deux espèces pour l'accès aux tanières de qualité. D'après nos observations, le renard arctique demeure pour l'instant le principal prédateur terrestre à l'île Bylot. Un programme de suivi de la communauté de renards de l'île Bylot est cependant essentiel afin de surveiller l'évolution de ce fragile écosystème. Nous proposons un protocole de terrain adapté pour un tel suivi. Ce protocole constituera pour Parcs Canada un élément important dans le suivi de l'intégrité écologique du Parc National du Canada de Sirmilik. (Au)

J, I, F, A, E
Animal distribution; Animal ecology; Animal food; Animal reproduction; Animal tagging; Aspect; Bird nesting; Denning; Foxes; Greater Snow Geese; Lemmings; Location; River banks; Slopes; Snow cover; Theses; Tundra ecology; Wetlands; Wildlife habitat

G0813
Banks Island, N.W.T.

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