A search of the ASTIS database for "SISN 76339/76366" has found the following 28 records, which are sorted in descending order of year.

Archaeological discoveries on Schnidejoch and at other ice sites in the European Alps   /   Hafner, A.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 189-202, ill., map)
References.
ASTIS record 76359.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Only a few sites in the Alps have produced archaeological finds from melting ice. To date, prehistoric finds from four sites dating from the Neolithic period, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age have been recovered from small ice patches (Schnidejoch, Lötschenpass, Tisenjoch, and Gemsbichl/Rieserferner). Glaciers, on the other hand, have yielded historic finds and frozen human remains that are not more than a few hundred years old (three glacier mummies from the 16th to the 19th century and military finds from World Wars I and II). Between 2003 and 2010, numerous archaeological finds were recovered from a melting ice patch on the Schnidejoch in the Bernese Alps (Cantons of Berne and Valais, Switzerland). These finds date from the Neolithic period, the Early Bronze Age, the Iron Age, Roman times, and the Middle Ages, spanning a period of 6000 years. The Schnidejoch, at an altitude of 2756 m asl, is a pass in the Wildhorn region of the western Bernese Alps. It has yielded some of the earliest evidence of Neolithic human activity at high altitude in the Alps. The abundant assemblage of finds contains a number of unique artifacts, mainly from organic materials like leather, wood, bark, and fibers. The site clearly proves access to high-mountain areas as early as the 5th millennium BC, and the chronological distribution of the finds indicates that the Schnidejoch pass was used mainly during periods when glaciers were retreating. (Au)

U, F, I, E, N, V, L
Accidents; Airplanes; Archaeology; Artifacts; Climate change; Glaciers; History; Hunting; Ice patches; Melting; Mortality; Mountains; Prehistoric man; Radiocarbon dating; Spatial distribution; Temporal variations; World War I; World War II

G16
Alps, Europe

Central Norwegian snow patch archaeology : patterns past and present   /   Callanan, M.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 178-188, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76358.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Over nearly a century, a large assemblage of archaeological artifacts has been collected from some high-lying snow patches in a number of mountain areas in central Norway. The regional collection now comprises 234 individual artifacts that include both organic and inorganic elements. Many of these are arrowheads, shafts, and other equipment from past hunting expeditions on alpine snow patches. This article outlines three different phases of artifact recovery in the region: Phase I (1914 - 43) began with the initial snow patch discovery and included large numbers of finds in the 1930s and early 1940s; Phase II (1944 - 2000) had relatively few discoveries; and Phase III (2001 - 11) included discovery of 17 new sites and a record number of 145 artifacts. Local reindeer hunters and hikers have recovered many of the artifacts. There are close links between reindeer hunting and snow patch surveying in the region. The majority of snow patch finds were recovered during the period from mid-August through mid-September. The collection can best be viewed as a cohesive long-term record of melting snow patches. (Au)

U, F, I, E, N, V
Animal distribution; Archaeology; Artifacts; Climate change; Effects of climate on ice; History; Hunting; Ice patches; Mass balance; Melting; Radiocarbon dating; Reindeer; Spatial distribution; Temporal variations; Trapping

G13
Norway

Withering snow and ice in the mid-latitudes : a new archaeological and paleobiological record for the Rocky Mountain region   /   Lee, C.M.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 165-177, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76357.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

In the mid-latitude mountains of North America, archaeological materials have been identified in association with kinetically stable "ice patches" that attracted animals and their human predators. The stable ice in these features exhibits little internal deformation or movement and can preserve otherwise perishable materials for millennia. Eight prehistoric sites have been identified in association with perennial ice patches within the Greater Yellowstone Area of Montana and Wyoming. Surveys in Colorado have produced paleobiological samples, but no definitive archaeological sites. Archaeological remains include ancient wooden dart shafts and fragments, wooden artifacts of unknown function, a wrapped leather object of unknown function, butchered animal remains, and chipped stone artifacts. Fragments of weapons ranging in age from 200 to 10 400 years suggest long-term continuity in ice patch hunting in the region. Paleobiological specimens range in age from several hundred to nearly 8000 years. Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is a presumed prey species, but the remains of bison (Bison bison) and other large ungulates also occur. Ice patches offer important insights into the use of high-elevation environments by Native Americans. Efforts are ongoing to build and maintain awareness of these resources among federal land managers and the public. (Au)

U, F, T, I, E, N, H, J, B
Alpine tundra ecology; Animal distribution; Animal ecology; Animal waste products; Artifacts; Climate change; Conifers; Effects of climate on ice; Hunting; Ice patches; Indian archaeology; Melting; Mountain sheep; North American bison; Palaeobotany; Palaeontology; Radiocarbon dating; Remote sensing; Subsistence; Treeline

G16
Montana; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

Ice patch archaeology in Alaska : 2000-10   /   Vanderhoek, R.   Dixon, E.J.   Jarman, N.L.   Tedor, R.M.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 153-164, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76355.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

In the past decade, ice patch archaeological research has been initiated in several areas of Alaska, including Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, the Amphitheater Mountains, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Denali National Park and Preserve, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Chugach National Forest, and Katmai National Park. Although still in its formative stages, this research demonstrates that high-altitude ice patches have been an important part of the annual subsistence cycles of Alaskan people for at least 4000 years. Researchers have found cultural materials at 13 Alaskan ice patches. Most artifacts recovered are related to caribou hunting; however, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that ice patches were the foci for a wide range of subsistence activities, such as hunting birds, harvesting berries, and snaring small mammals. Site interpretations are based on ethnographically documented cultural practices, animal behavior, alpine ecology and geology, and archaeological analyses. (Au)

U, F, T, I, E, N, H, J
Ahtna Indians; Alpine tundra ecology; Animal distribution; Animal ecology; Animal food; Animal waste products; Antlers; Artifacts; Berries; Birches; Caribou; Climate change; Effects of climate on ice; Ethnography; Ground squirrels; Hunting; Ice patches; Indian archaeology; Melting; Radiocarbon dating; Remote sensing; Subsistence; Trapping

G06
Alaska; Alaska, Gulf of, region

Cultural landscapes, past and present, and the south Yukon ice patches   /   Greer, S.   Strand, D.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 136-152, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76351.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

South Yukon First Nations governments are partners in the Yukon Ice Patch Project investigating the mountaintop snow and ice patches where ancient hunting artifacts are being recovered. Heritage programs operated by these governments, which coordinate their citizens' engagement in these activities, emphasize intangible cultural heritage. They view the project as an opportunity to strengthen culture, enhance citizens' understanding of their history, and express First Nations values regarding cultural resources. As the primary mammal subsistence species for south Yukon Indian people is now moose, the ice patch discoveries highlight the historical role of caribou in their culture and increase awareness of the environmental history of their homelands. The cultural landscape concept is used to frame the present indigenous involvement in the Yukon ice patch investigations, as well as the past use of these unique landscape features and ancient land-use patterns. The Yukon Ice Patch Project reflects the contemporary context of the territory, where indigenous governments are actively involved in managing and interpreting their cultural heritage. (Au)

U, F, T, I, N, J, S
Alpine tundra ecology; Animal distribution; Animal waste products; Animals; Artifacts; Bones; Caribou; Culture (Anthropology); Elders; Ethnography; Hunting; Ice patches; Indian archaeology; Indians; Land use; Mammals; Melting; Moose; Mountains; Native land claims; Oral history; Self-determination; Spatial distribution; Subsistence; Temporal variations; Traditional knowledge

G0811, G0821
British Columbia, Northern; Carcross region, Yukon; Kluane Lake region, Yukon; Kluane Plateau, Yukon

The archaeology of Yukon ice patches : new artifacts, observations, and insights   /   Hare, P.G.   Thomas, C.D.   Topper, T.N.   Gotthardt, R.M.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 118-135, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76350.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Since 1997, more than 207 archaeological objects and 1700 faunal remains have been recovered from 43 melting ice patches in the southern Yukon. The artifacts range in age from a 9000-year-old (calendar) dart shaft to a 19th-century musket ball. This paper provides an update on Yukon ice patch research and summary data on select areas of research conducted since 2003. More than 200 radiocarbon dates have been run on ice patch archaeological and faunal materials, and these data allow us to observe and comment on apparent temporal trends. Analysis undertaken since 2003 has improved our understanding of the development and maintenance of hunting technologies, including dart shaft design, wood selection, and point styles. Of particular interest is the description of three different techniques for the construction of throwing darts and the observation of stability in the hunting technology employed in the study area over seven millennia. Radiocarbon chronologies indicate that this period of stability was followed by an abrupt technological replacement of the throwing dart by the bow and arrow after 1200 BP. (Au)

U, H, F, T, I, N, J
Alpine tundra ecology; Animal distribution; Animal waste products; Animals; Antlers; Artifacts; Bones; Caribou; Conifers; Design and construction; Effects monitoring; Equipment and supplies; Ethnography; Hunting; Ice patches; Indian archaeology; Mammals; Melting; Mountain sheep; Mountains; Natural history; Palaeontology; Plant distribution; Plants (Biology); Radiocarbon dating; Recent epoch; Shrubs; Spatial distribution; Temporal variations; Traditional clothing; Trees

G0811
Carcross region, Yukon; Kluane Lake region, Yukon; Kluane Plateau, Yukon

A thousand years of lost hunting arrows : wood analysis of ice patch remains in northwestern Canada   /   Alix, C.   Hare, P.G.   Andrews, T.D.   MacKay, G.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 95-117, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76349.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Discussions of the development of past hunting equipment generally focus on lithic and bone projectile points and foreshafts, as these are often the only elements remaining in archaeological sites. In the last 15 years, the archaeology of alpine ice patches has provided a unique opportunity to analyze hunting equipment over time and gain knowledge of the wooden elements on which the points are hafted. This paper describes the wood and morphometrical analysis of a collection of 27 arrow shafts from two ice patch regions of the western Canadian Subarctic. In both regions, two main categories of arrow shafts show the selection of specific pieces of wood, spruce (Picea sp.) on the one hand and birch (Betula sp.) on the other, with associated morphometrical characteristics. These shafts also share some characteristics that are distinct from those of Arctic and coastal arrow shafts. Shafts of pine (Pinus sp. sec. ponderosa) and hemlock (Tsuga sp.) were also identified in the southwestern Yukon Territory. The absence of correlation between the arrow shaft types and 14C dating raises the question of the significance of the arrow types and the potential for function, trade, or travel to explain the variation. (Au)

U, H, F, T, I, N, J
Alpine tundra ecology; Animal distribution; Animal waste products; Archaeology; Artifacts; Caribou; Conifers; Design and construction; Equipment and supplies; Ethnography; Fishing; Hunting; Ice patches; Mountains; Native peoples; Oral history; Plant distribution; Plant growth; Radiocarbon dating; Shrubs; Subsistence; Temporal variations; Testing; Traditional knowledge; Trapping; Trees

G0812, G0811, G06, G0821
Alaska, Southcentral; British Columbia, Northern; Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon; Selwyn Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon; Yukon

Ancient DNA reveals genetic continuity in mountain woodland caribou of the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada   /   Letts, B.   Fulton, T.L.   Stiller, M.   Andrews, T.D.   MacKay, G.   Popko, R.   Shapiro, B.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 80-94, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76348.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

We examine the mitochondrial genetic stability of mountain woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, over the last 4000 years. Unlike caribou populations in the Yukon, populations in the Northwest Territories show no evidence for mitochondrial genetic turnover during that period, which indicates that they were not adversely affected by the widespread deposition of the White River tephra around 1200 years ago. We detect moderate genetic differentiation between mountain woodland and barren-ground caribou in both territories, lending support to the current subspecies designations. In addition, we identify moderate genetic differentiation between Northwest Territories and western Yukon mountain woodland caribou, suggesting that there has been minimal mixing of matrilines between these herds. (Au)

I, F, B, J
Alpine tundra ecology; Animal behaviour; Animal distribution; Animal integumentary systems; Animal population; Animal waste products; Biological sampling; Bones; Caribou; Cores; Evolution (Biology); Ice patches; Palaeoecology; Palaeontology; Pyroclastics; Radiocarbon dating; Recent epoch; Seasonal variations; Temporal variations; Wildlife habitat

G0812, G0811, G06
Alaska; Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon; Selwyn Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon

Diet and habitat of mountain woodland caribou inferred from dung preserved in 5000-year-old alpine ice in the Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada   /   Galloway, J.M.   Adamczewski, J.   Schock, D.M.   Andrews, T.D.   MacKay, G.   Bowyer, M.E.   Meulendyk, T.   Moorman, B.J.   Kutz, S.J.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 59-79, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76347.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Alpine ice patches are unique repositories of cryogenically preserved archaeological artefacts and biological specimens. Recent melting of ice in the Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada, has exposed layers of dung accumulated during seasonal use of ice patches by mountain woodland caribou of the ancestral Redstone population over the past ca. 5250 years. Although attempts to isolate the DNA of known caribou parasites were unsuccessful, the dung has yielded numerous well-preserved and diverse plant remains and palynomorphs. Plant remains preserved in dung suggest that the ancestral Redstone caribou population foraged on a variety of lichens (30%), bryophytes and lycopods (26.7%), shrubs (21.6%), grasses (10.5%), sedges (7.8%), and forbs (3.4%) during summer use of alpine ice. Dung palynomorph assemblages depict a mosaic of plant communities growing in the caribou's summer habitat, including downslope boreal components and upslope floristically diverse herbaceous communities. Pollen and spore content of dung is only broadly similar to late Holocene assemblages preserved in lake sediments and peat in the study region, and differences are likely due to the influence of local vegetation and animal forage behaviour. The 5000-year legacy of summer use of alpine ice patches by mountain woodland caribou suggests that these small, long-lived features may be important for the health of caribou populations in the Selwyn/Mackenzie Mountain range. (Au)

I, H, F, B, J, E, U
Animal behaviour; Animal distribution; Animal food; Animal waste products; Artifacts; Bones; Caribou; Climate change; Cores; Ice patches; Indian archaeology; Measurement; North Slavey Indians; Palaeobotany; Palaeoclimatology; Palaeoecology; Palynology; Parasites; Plant taxonomy; Plants (Biology); Radiocarbon dating; Recent epoch; Snow; Snowdrifts; Stratigraphy; Temporal variations; Wildlife habitat

G0812
Selwyn Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon

Morphology and development of ice patches in Northwest Territories, Canada   /   Meulendyk, T.   Moorman, B.J.   Andrews, T.D.   MacKay, G.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 43-58, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76340.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

Permanent ice patches in the western Canadian Subarctic have been recently identified as sources of cryogenically preserved artifacts and biological specimens. The formation, composition, and constancy of these ice patches have yet to be studied. As part of the Northwest Territories (NWT) Ice Patch Study, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and ice coring were used to examine the stratigraphy and internal structure of two ice patches. Results show the patches are composed of a core of distinct offset units, up to several metres thick, covered by a blanket of firn and snow. The interfaces between the units of ice are often demarcated by thin sections of frozen caribou dung and fine sediment. Radiocarbon dates of dung extracted from ice cores have revealed a long history for these perennial patches, up to 4400 years BP. Ice patch growth is discontinuous and occurs intermittently. Extensive time gaps exist between the units of ice, indicating that summers of catastrophic melt can interrupt extended periods of net accumulation. The results of this work not only display the character of ice patch development, but also indicate the significant role that ice patches can play in reconstructing the paleoenvironmental conditions of an area. (Au)

F, B, I, J, E
Ablation; Accumulation; Animal distribution; Animal waste products; Antennae; Caribou; Climate change; Coring; Crystals; Firn; Geomorphology; Ground penetrating radar; Ice patches; Mass balance; Measurement; Palaeoclimatology; Palaeoecology; Radiocarbon dating; Recent epoch; Snow; Snowdrifts; Temporal variations

G0812
Keele River region, N.W.T.; Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon; Selwyn Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon; Tulita region, N.W.T.

Alpine ice patches and Shúhtagot'ine land use in the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada   /   Andrews, T.D.   MacKay, G.   Andrew, L.   Stephenson, W.   Barker, A.   Alix, C.
(The archaeology and paleoecology of alpine ice patches. Arctic, v. 65, suppl. 1, 2012, p. 22-42, ill., maps)
References.
ASTIS record 76339.
Languages: English
Libraries: ACU

The NWT Ice Patch Study was developed in partnership with the Shúhtagot'ine residents of Tulita, Northwest Territories, Canada. This paper explores how Shúhtagot'ine traditional knowledge, collected through the direct participation of Elders in our archaeological fieldwork, science camps with Elders and youth, Elder interviews, and traditional land-use mapping, is informing our interpretation of archaeological data collected at alpine ice patches in the Selwyn Mountains. While knowledge of bow-and-arrow and snare technologies persists in Shúhtagot'ine culture, Shúhtagot'ine oral history does not contain detailed knowledge of throwing dart technology. Using data collected in our traditional land-use mapping project, we consider the role of ice patches in the broader context of Shúhtagot'ine land use. We propose that resource harvesting on high alpine plateaus and adjacent ice patches in the summer was more important in late precontact times than it was after contact. Shúhtagot'ine land-use practices involve long-distance travel in all seasons. Safe travel in the alpine landscape requires detailed knowledge of environmental conditions, such as snow and ice conditions, and respectful engagement with the spiritual entities inhabiting the landscape. (Au)

U, F, T, I, N, J, L, H
Alpine tundra ecology; Animal behaviour; Animal distribution; Animal ecology; Animal waste products; Artifacts; Boats; Caribou; Elders; Equipment and supplies; Ethnography; Fur trade; Geographical names; Ground squirrels; Hunting; Ice patches; Indian archaeology; Land use; Mapping; Mountains; North Slavey Indians; Oral history; Participatory action research; Safety; Seasonal variations; Shrubs; Slavey language; Snow; Subsistence; Temporal variations; Traditional knowledge; Traditional native spirituality; Trails; Trapping; Youth

G0812
Keele River region, N.W.T.; Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon; Selwyn Mountains, N.W.T./Yukon; Tulita region, N.W.T.

Biogeography and conservation of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia)   /   Higdon, J.W.   Ferguson, S. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2011.
xv, 168 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR78530)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2011.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web.
Appendices.
References.
ASTIS record 76364.
Languages: English
Libraries: MWUC

This thesis examines the biogeography of world pinnipeds, a unique group of marine mammals that have adapted to marine foraging while maintaining terrestrial (land or ice) habitat links. Comparative analyses of species range sizes controlled for phylogenetic relationships using a multi-gene supertree with divergence dates estimated using fossil calibrations. Adaptations to aquatic mating and especially sea ice parturition have influenced range size distribution, and ranges are larger than those of terrestrially mating and/or pupping species. Small range size is endangering for many taxa, and most at risk pinnipeds are terrestrial species with small ranges. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that pinnipeds had a long association with sea ice, an adaptation that would have allowed early seals to expand into novel habitats and increase their distribution. Range sizes exhibit a strong Rapoport effect (positive relationship between range size and latitude) at the global scale, even after controlling for phylogeny and body size allometry. A latitudinal gradient in species diversity cannot explain the Rapoport effect for global pinniped ranges, as diversity is highest at mid-latitudes in both hemispheres. These regions are characterized by marginal ice zones and variable climates, supporting a mix of pagophilic and temperate species. The climatic variability hypothesis also did not explain the Rapoport effect. Variability is bimodal, and annual sea surface temperature (SST) variability does explain diversity patterns. Range size has a significant negative relationship with annual mean SST, and the largest ranges are found in areas with low mean SST. Temperature responses are possibly related to thermoregulation, sea ice availability, and ecological relationships with other large marine predators. These results agree with other studies and suggest that ocean temperature, and not productivity, drives marine species richness patterns. Future research needs include studies of physiological tolerances, interactions with sharks as predators and competitors, and the role of climate and sea ice in speciation and evolution. A better understanding of distribution and diversity patterns, and the role of the environment in shaping these patterns, will improve conservation efforts, and studies on the role of SST and sea ice are particularly important given current warming trends and declines in ice extent. (Au)

I, G, J, N, D, E
Adaptation (Biology); Animal distribution; Animal physiology; Animal population; Animal reproduction; Animal taxonomy; Atmospheric temperature; Bioclimatology; Climate change; Environmental impacts; Evolution (Biology); Extirpation; Forecasting; Genetics; Ice cover; Marine ecology; Marine mammals; Mathematical models; Ocean temperature; Pinnipedia; Predation; Risk assessment; Sea ice; Sea ice ecology; Seals (Animals); Selachii; Surface temperature; Thermoregulation; Theses; Wildlife habitat; Wildlife management

G081, G02, G03, G11, G14
Arctic Ocean; Arctic waters; Baykal, Lake, Russian Federation; Canadian Arctic waters; Indian Ocean; North Atlantic Ocean; North Pacific Ocean; South Atlantic Ocean; South Pacific Ocean

Le partage de données scientifiques : analyse des régimes d'échange dans une communauté de recherche sur l'Arctique   /   Gratton-Gagné, O.   Millerand, F. [Supervisor]
Montréal, Québec : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2011.
viii, 105 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
References.
Thesis (M.A.) - Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, 2011.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web.
ASTIS record 76363.
Languages: French
Web: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/QMUQ/TC-QMUQ-4019.pdf
Libraries: OONL

Ce mémoire porte sur le partage de données dans la recherche sur l'Arctique. Le partage de données est ici problématisé dans le contexte du développement d'infrastructures scientifiques de collaboration à grande échelle. Notre recherche est structurée autour de la question centrale suivante: comment rendre compte de la pluralité et de la complexité des usages des bases de données scientifiques? Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons les traditions théoriques des études en science, technologie et société, en informatique sociale et en sociologie des usages. Plus précisément, nous recourons à la théorie des régimes d'échange. Cette théorie propose de considérer les pratiques de partage de données à travers trois régimes d'échanges distincts, soit le régime de coopération, le régime de don et le régime de sous-traitance. Notre méthodologie est basée sur une approche qualitative et ascendante et notre terrain de recherche est le réseau de recherche ArcticNet. Nos résultats illustrent la variété et la subtilité des modalités d'échange de données et mettent au jour des enjeux du travail scientifique actuel. Nous terminons ce mémoire en proposant le concept du chercheur-contributeur. Selon cette hypothèse, les scientifiques occupent de plus en plus les fonctions des professionnels des sciences de l'information à mesure que les échanges de données s'accélèrent. (Au)

L, T, R, Y, E, J
ArcticNet Inc.; Climate change; Communication; Databases; Environmental impacts; Epistemology; Ethics; Inuit; Nordicity; Public participation; Research; Research personnel; Science; Social sciences; Social surveys; Socio-economic effects; Technology; Telecommunication; Theses; Traditional knowledge; World Wide Web

G081
Canadian Arctic

Spatial and temporal evolution of snow-covered sea ice, with reference to polar bear habitat   /   Iacozza, J.   Barber, D.G. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2011.
xix, 217 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR78551)
References.
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2011.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web.
ASTIS record 76362.
Languages: English
Libraries: OONL MWUC

This dissertation attempts to improve the understanding of spatial distribution and evolution of snow-covered sea ice as related to polar bear habitat. This will be accomplished at both the local (i.e. 1m spatial resolution) and regional scales (i.e. 100 km spatial resolution) for various types of first-year sea ice (FYI) through four primary objectives. The first primary objective (i.e. Chapter 3) examines the observed and modeled temporal evolution of snow over smooth FYI, as well as the estimation of on-ice meteorological conditions. Results suggest that increases in observed snowdrifts and changes to the orientation of the drifts are related to snowfall and drifting events. Modeling these changes over time using a spatially distributed snow model is not able to accurately estimate the snow distribution. As well, only the on-ice temperature and humidity can be estimated from land-based station data, limiting the modeling of snow over sea ice. The second primary objective (i.e. Chapter 4) extends this research to rough FYI types, more relevant to polar bear habitat. More specifically this objective studies the spatial pattern of snow distribution over rough ice and ridges and the relationship between ice roughness and meteorological conditions. Results suggest that ice roughness influences the magnitude of snow depth, while the wind direction during periods of snow deposition and/or blowing snow events will impact the spatial pattern. The third primary objective (i.e. Chapter 5) focuses on developing a more feasible method of deriving surface roughness. This objective attempts to use satellite imagery and texture analysis to derive surface roughness for snow-covered sea ice. Results suggest that a Gamma speckle reduction filter, coupled with a grey-level co-occurrence matrix texture measure (Entropy or Angular Second Moment) is able to account for more than 88% of the variability in the surface roughness. The final primary objective (i.e. Chapter 6) examines the temporal evolution and factors controlling the changes in sea ice characteristics over regional scale for a period from 1978 to 2002. Observed anomalies in sea ice characteristics within some of the polar bear subpopulations may be explained by thermodynamic and/or dynamic factors. Results suggest that published reduction in polar bear population and condition within the subpopulations co-occur with these observed changes in sea ice characteristics. (Au)

I, G, F, E, J
Albedo; Animal distribution; Animal health; Animal population; Climate change; Denning; Ice rubble fields; Marine ecology; Mathematical models; Meteorology; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Passive microwave remote sensing; Polar bears; SAR; Sea ice; Seals (Animals); Snow; Snowdrifts; Spatial distribution; Surface properties; Temporal variations; Thermal properties; Thermodynamics; Theses; Topography; Weather stations; Wildlife habitat

G0815, G07, G081
Canadian Arctic; Canadian Arctic waters; Canadian Beaufort Sea; Franklin Bay, N.W.T.

Living on unstable ground : identifying physical landscape constraints on planning and infrastructure development in Nunavut communities   /   Irvine, M.L.   Bell, T. [Supervisor]   Smith, R. [Supervisor]
St. John's, Nfld. : Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2011.
xi, 228 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR80815)
ISBN 978-0-494-80815-3
Appendices.
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld., 2011.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76360.
Languages: English
Libraries: NFSM OONL

This thesis develops and tests a research framework that assesses constraints imposed by the physical environment, in particular landscape hazards on infrastructure development and community planning in Arctic environments. The framework uses a multi-hazard, multi-tool approach, and was operationalized in the community of Clyde River, Nunavut. Data were accessed through a range of sources including: community consultations, air photo interpretation, topographic surveys, sediment sampling, inventory of existing infrastructure, permafrost coring, and landscape and landform assessment. Data were analyzed, interpreted and integrated to produce individual landscape hazard layers and then combined to create a composite physical landscape constraint map. The constraint map categorized the community landscape into a tiered classification scheme of low, moderate and high risk. An assessment of how projected climate changes may modify the risk level associated with individual landscape hazards was also undertaken. Research suggests that flooding, erosion, slope instability and permafrost dynamics are the main landscape hazards occurring in Clyde River and that the risk level associated with these hazards will be enhanced due to climate change. The spatial distribution of these hazards varies, and is dependent on the physical environment and human modifications to the landscape. Both adaptations and maladaptations are altering the vulnerability of the community towards landscape hazards. The research framework devised in Clyde River is considered applicable to other arctic communities, and will provide useful guidance for community planning and sustainable infrastructure development. (Au)

A, B, C, F, R, M, E
Active layer; Airports; Buildings; Climate change; Cold weather performance; Community development; Cores; Design and construction; Erosion; Floods; Foundations; Geomorphology; Ground ice; Housing; Hydrology; Ice wedges; Mapping; Measurement; Moisture content of permafrost; Permafrost; Physical geography; Planning; Regional planning; Risk assessment; Rivers; Salinity; Sand; Sediments (Geology); Silt; Socio-economic effects; Soil consolidation; Soil mechanics; Stratigraphy; Subsidence; Temporal variations; Thawing; Thermokarst; Theses; Topography

G0813
Clyde River (Hamlet), Nunavut

Microfossil evidence for recent changes to Hudson Bay oceanography   /   Griffiths, J.   Scott, D. [Supervisor]
Halifax, N.S. : Dalhousie University, 2010.
x, 115 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., 2010.
Indexed a PDF file from DalSpace, Faculty of Graduate Studies online theses.
References.
Appendices.
ASTIS record 76366.
Languages: English
Web: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13136
Libraries: OONL NSHD

In 2005, box cores were collected throughout the Hudson Bay and Strait. A detailed micropaleontological data set has been generated from these cores for this study and is combined with geochemical and geochronological data (Kuzyk et al., 2009) to observe temporal and spatial oceanic changes throughout the bay and strait. All of the cores show an increase in brackish water species (tintinnids) and agglutinated foraminifera, and coincident decreases in calcareous foraminifera in younger core sections. In general, these microfossil trends are correlated to higher organic matter content in the younger core sections, likely from a more extensive freshwater plume that causes a lowered pH in the superficial sediments and conditions less favourable for the preservation of calcareous tests. Furthermore, with a 14C age constraint on one of the cores, the mid-Holocene depositional and paleoceanographic history is represented, and provides evidence of marine invasion by 7100 cal yrs BP. (Au)

B, I, D, F, J, G
Animal distribution; Animal food; Animal taxonomy; Bottom sediments; Carbonates; Ciliata; Cores; Foraminifera; Geochemistry; Interstitial water; Isotopes; Lead; Ocean currents; Oceanography; Palaeohydrology; Palaeontology; Radionuclides; River discharges; Rivers; Salinity; Sea ice; Soil pH; Suspended solids; Temporal variations; Theses; Uranium; Water masses; Wildlife habitat; Zooplankton

G0814, G0815
Hudson Bay; Hudson Strait region, Nunavut/Québec; Hudson Strait, Nunavut/Québec

Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, vocalizations and their relation to behaviour in the Churchill River, Manitoba, Canada   /   Chmelnitsky, E.   Ferguson, S. [Supervisor]
Winnipeg, Man. : University of Manitoba, 2010.
viii, 140 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., 2010.
Indexed a PDF file from the Web.
References.
ASTIS record 76365.
Languages: English
Libraries: MWUC

The investigation of a species' repertoire and the contexts in which different calls are used is central to understanding vocal communication among animals. Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, calls were classified and described in association with behaviours, from recordings collected in the Churchill River, Manitoba, during the summers of 2006-2008. Calls were subjectively classified based on sound and visual analysis into whistles (64.2% of total calls; 22 call types), pulsed or noisy calls (25.9%; 15 call types), and combined calls (9.9%; seven types). A hierarchical cluster analysis, using six call measurements as variables, separated whistles into 12 groups and results were compared to subjective classification. Beluga calls associated with social interactions, travelling, feeding, and interactions with the boat were described. Call type percentages, relative proportions of different whistle contours (shapes), average frequency, and call duration varied with behaviour. Generally, higher percentages of whistles, more broadband pulsed and noisy calls, and shorter calls (<0.49s) were produced during behaviours associated with higher levels of activity and/or apparent arousal. Information on call types, call characteristics, and behavioural context of calls can be used for automated detection and classification methods and in future studies on call meaning and function. (Au)

I, N
Animal behaviour; Animal distribution; Animal population; Animal vocalizations; Beluga whales; Genetics; Identification; Instruments; Sound recordings; Theses; Underwater acoustics; Wildlife management

G0824, G0814
Churchill Estuary, Manitoba; Churchill River, Manitoba/Saskatchewan; Hudson Bay

Fluxes of soil organic carbon from eroding permafrost coasts, Canadian Beaufort Sea   /   Couture, N.   Pollard, W.H. [Supervisor]
Montréal : McGill University, 2010.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR68513)
ISBN 9780494685136
Thesis (Ph.D.) - McGill University, Montréal, 2010.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
References.
Also available from eScholarship@McGill.
Appendices.
Partial contents: Modelling the erosion of ice-rich deposits along the Yukon Coastal Plain / Nicole J. Couture, Md. Azharul Hoque, Wayne H. Pollard.
French abstract provided.
ASTIS record 76343.
Languages: English
Web: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92229
Libraries: OONL

Resolving uncertainties about the cycling of organic carbon in the world's oceans is particularly crucial in the Arctic because it is the locus of deep water formation, as well as rapid environmental change. The specific goal of this thesis was to quantify the flux of soil organic carbon (SOC) to the Arctic Ocean due to erosion along the Yukon Coastal Plain. Ground ice and SOC within coastal sediments, and the current and future fluxes of carbon were examined in detail. An evaluation of the volume of ground ice showed it to be a significant constituent of coastal bluffs. The amount of it was related to surficial material and geomorphic history, being lowest in coarse-grained marine deposits and highest in lacustrine materials. It made up almost half the soil volume in formerly glaciated areas where bluffs are high, but only one third the volume in unglaciated portions with low bluffs. Overlooking ground ice resulted in overestimates of SOC and mineral sediment of up to 20%. Corrections were especially important in the upper ice-rich soil layers. Organic carbon contents were related to surficial material and bluff height, and 57% of carbon was located at depths greater than 1 m. SOC fluxes were up to three times higher than previously thought, but comparable to other parts of the Arctic. Eleven per cent of the carbon eroded annually was buried in nearshore sediments, and the carbon in those sediments was overwhelmingly terrigenous. A morphodynamic model of coastal evolution was used to evaluate future coastal retreat. Low bluffs will retreat more rapidly than higher ones. Ground ice controls the amount of sediment in coastal bluffs and therefore the retreat rates, since bluffs with high ice contents have a lower effective cliff height. SOC fluxes from low coastal bluffs will increase by 29%, but will be offset by a 13% decrease from high bluffs. Regions of low cliffs could become sources of carbon flux to the atmosphere. By providing insight into the origins and fate of organic matter in a sensitive section of the Arctic coastal system, this study offers valuable input for both current and future studies of regional carbon dynamics. (Au)

A, B, C, D, E, J
Beach erosion; Bottom sediments; Carbon cycling; Climate change; Coast changes; Effects of climate on permafrost; Environmental impacts; Ground ice; Mathematical models; Ocean waves; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Permafrost; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Sediments (Geology); Soil chemistry; Suspended solids; Thaw flow slides; Theses; Wave forecasting

G0811, G07, G03
Arctic Ocean; Canadian Beaufort Sea; Yukon North Slope

Mortalité massive chez une population d'épinette noire riveraine au lac à Eau-Claire (Québec subarctique)   /   Chabot, R.   Bégin, Y. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2010.
vii, 64 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, 2010.
References.
Appendices.
Indexed a PDF file provided by Université Laval.
ASTIS record 76342.
Languages: French
Web: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27617
Libraries: OONL

L'étude porte sur un écosystème forestier riverain d'un grand lac subarctique (Lac à l'Eau-Claire) en état moribond. La dégradation des arbres suggère une progression spatiale que l'on a reconstituée au moyen de l'analyse dendrochronologique. Nous avons formulé l'hypothèse que l'augmentation des précipitations de neige et la hausse du niveau lacustre suggérées par des travaux antérieurs pourraient avoir causé la dégradation de la forêt. L'objectif principal de cette recherche est de déterminer les différentes facettes du phénomène à l'origine de la dégradation des arbres. Le site à l'étude a été divisé en cinq zones subparallèles au rivage selon les caractéristiques des divers états des arbres. Une étude dendrochronologique a permis de reconstituer les processus récents et passés. Ils ont été situés dans le contexte des fluctuations historiques des niveaux d'eau du lac afin de préciser le gradient écologique en lien avec le régime des perturbations physiques. Les données ont permis de distinguer cinq périodes où les facteurs climatiques et locaux ont influencé la population forestière riveraine : 1) colonisation du site à l'étude (1704), 2) première phase d'installation (1800-1850), 3) deuxième phase d'installation et première phase de mortalité (1850-1930), 4) apparition de la frange forestière (1930-1950), 5) deuxième phase de mortalité (1950-2006). (Au)

H, F, E, C, J, B
Ablation; Age; Black spruces; Climate change; Climatology; Craters; Dendrochronology; Floods; Geology; Geomorphology; Glacial deposits; Hydrology; Ice; Lakes; Plant distribution; Plant growth; Plant-soil relationships; Plant-water relationships; Rivers; Snow; Soil moisture; Theses; Trees; Tundra ecology

G0826
Eau Claire, Lac à l', region, Québec

Morphostratigraphie et évolution géomorphologique holocène du secteur sud du détroit de Nastapoka, est de la baie d'Hudson   /   Girard Thomas, M.   Lajeunesse, P. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2009.
vi, 79 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec.
Indexed a PDF file obtained from Laval Université.
English abstract provided.
ASTIS record 76361.
Languages: French
Web: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26533/
Libraries: OONL

Acquisition of high resolution geophysical data collected in southern sector of Nastapoka Sound (Umiujaq, eastern coast of Hudson Bay) allowed the reconstruction of the morphostratigraphic evolution of the region since deglaciation (~8,4-8,2 cal ka BP) in a context of rapid forced regression. Six seismostratigraphic units have been indentified based on the analysis of sub-bottom profiles: isolated till lenses (unit 1), glaciomarine deposits (unit 2), an infill basin deposit associated with turbidites (unit 3), paraglacial deposits (units 4 and 5) and postglacial deposits (unit 6). The geometry of paraglacial and postglacial deposits (contourites, erosion channels and truncated surfaces) as well as mega-ripples indicate a major influence of strong bottom current. Radiocarbon dates indicate that modem sedimentation rate in the region averages 0.6 mm/year since ~1.3 cal ka BP. (Au)

B, A, F
Bathymetry; Bottom sediments; Deglaciation; Geological time; Geology; Glacial deposits; Glacial epoch; Glacial geology; Glacial melt waters; Ground penetrating radar; Icebergs; Laurentide Ice Sheet; Marine geology; Ocean currents; Palaeogeography; Radiocarbon dating; Recent epoch; River discharges; Sediment transport; Sedimentary structures; Sedimentation; Sediments (Geology); Stratigraphy; Theses

G0826
Baleine, Grande rivière de la, region, Québec; Guillaume-Delisle, Lac, region, Québec; Hudson Bay region, Québec; Nastapoka Islands, Nunavut; Umiujaq region, Québec

The role of governance and knowledge systems in adaptation to climate change in Hopedale, Nunatsiavut   /   Fleming, L.L.   Smit, B. [Supervisor]
Guelph, Ont. : University of Guelph, 2009.
vii, 163 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR56719)
ISBN 9780494567197
Appendices.
References.
Thesis (M.A.) - University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., 2009.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76353.
Languages: English
Libraries: OONL

This thesis assesses the role of governance and knowledge systems, including formal and informal institutions in the process of adaptation to climate change. Based on an assessment of vulnerabilities in the community of Hopedale, Nunatsiavut, this research identifies and describes the influence of institutions and systems of knowledge and governance pertaining to natural resource management in Hopedale, across multiple levels, in facilitating or constraining adaptive capacity to deal with climate change. Institutions and governance systems provide Hopedale residents with capacity to deal with climate and other changes, through their representation in natural resource management decision making arrangements such as the Torngat Management Boards as a result of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement. Other interactions within and between these institutions such as the differences in governance approaches between Nunatsiavut and Provincial institutions have the effect of hindering or reducing capacity. Ultimately, the interactions and processes within and across institutions and systems of governance play an important role in the process of enhancing adaptive capacity and reducing Hopedale residents' vulnerability to climate and other change. (Au)

T, R, K, L, N, E, G, J, I
Adaptability (Psychology); Animal behaviour; Animal distribution; Animal population; Birds; Buildings; Capacity building; Caribou; Climate change; Co-management; Costs; Creation of Nunatsiavut; Culture (Anthropology); Education; Employment; Environmental impacts; Fishes; Food; Government; Housing; Human ecology; Identity; Inuit; Local government; Mental health and well-being; Native land claims; Natural resource management; Participatory action research; Prices; Research; Sea ice; Seals (Animals); Snowmelt; Social change; Social surveys; Social surveys; Socio-economic effects; Standard of living; Subsistence; Theses; Traditional knowledge; Transportation; Wages; Wildlife management; Youth

G0827
Hopedale, Labrador

Diversité microbienne des mares générées par la fonte du pergélisol en régions arctique et subarctique   /   Dupont, C.   Laurion, I. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université du Québec, 2009.
xvi, 142 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(PCSP/PPCP contribution, no. 024-09)
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université du Québec, INRS, Québec, Québec, 2009.
Indexed a PDF file.
Chapter 2 consists of a manuscript entitled: Microbial diversity of Arctic and Subarctic thaw ponds: characterization using different biological indicators, which is intended to be published separately at a later date.
Partial contents: Appendix: Variability in greenhouse gas omissions from permafrost thaw ponds, as separately published in Limnology and oceanography, and described in ASTIS record 69271.
The Résumé, Chapitre 1, and Discussion Générale et Conclusion, are in French; Chapitre 2 and the Appendix, are in English.
ASTIS record 76346.
Languages: English or French
Web: http://www1.ete.inrs.ca/pub/theses/T000512.pdf
Libraries: OONL

Les mares de fonte sont formées par la dégradation locale du pergélisol en hautes latitudes. Les bouleversements climatiques actuels favorisent leur apparition dans les zones nordiques autour du globe. Les mares subarctiques en zone de pergélisol discontinu ont été échantillonnées au Nunavik au nord du Québec et résultent de l'affaissement de buttes pergélisolées. Elles sont caractérisées par une grande turbidité et une stratification thermique importante. Les mares arctiques en zone de pergélisol continu sont situées au Nunavut sur l'Île Bylot et sont des mares au creux de polygones à coin de glace et des canaux adjacents. Les mares arctiques sont moins profondes, plus transparentes et donc plus illuminées, entraînant la formation de tapis microbiens. Ces deux types de mare nordiques émettent des gaz à effet de serre (principalement du CO2 et du CH4) vers l'atmosphère et attirent de plus en plus l'attention des scientifiques. La diversité microbienne de ces plans d 'eau reste par contre grandement méconnue, de même que les variables limnologiques qui la régissent. Trois approches complémentaires ont été déployées pour caractériser la flore microbienne des mares de fonte : la taxinomie du phytoplancton, l'analyse de pigments diagnostiques et l'analyse moléculaire des picoeukaryotes via le DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). Les mares se sont avérées être très différentes au niveau physique, optique et chimique, tant au sein d'un même site qu'au niveau inter-site. Les mares subarctiques sont souvent dominées par les Chlorophyceae et les Chrysophyceae alors que les Cyanophyceae sont prépondérantes dans les mares arctiques. La diversité microbienne est sensiblement plus faible en zone arctique, tant au niveau phytoplanctonique que pigmentaire. Les assemblages picoeukaryotes (avec le DGGE) varient au sein d'une même mare subarctique entre la surfacee et le fond puisque les conditions limnologiques y sont très différentes. Des analyses statistiques révèlent que parmi les variables mesurées, le KdPAR (la lumière) et la pente spectrale (indice de qualité de la matière organique) seraient les deux facteurs influençant les patrons de répartition phytoplanctoniques. La diversité microbienne des mares de fonte s'est donc un peu dévoilée et des suggestions d'études futures sont finalement abordées. (Au)

C, F, E, J, I, H
Active layer; Atmospheric humidity; Atmospheric temperature; Bacteria; Biodegradation; Biological productivity; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Chlorophyll; Climate change; Environmental impacts; Gases; Heat transmission; Lake stratification; Lake-atmosphere interaction; Light; Methane; Microorganisms; Optical properties; Oxygen; Peat; Permafrost; Phosphorus; Seasonal variations; Size; Soils; Solar radiation; Spatial distribution; Spectroscopy; Suspended solids; Temperature; Temporal variations; Thawing; Thermokarst; Theses; Thickness; Tundra ponds; Velocity; Water pH; Winds

G0826, G0813
Kuujjuarapik region, Québec; Sirmilik National Park, Nunavut

Mécanismes d'apport et temps de résidence des débris ligneux grossiers dans la zone littorale de deux lacs nord boréaux au Québec   /   Dy, B.   Arseneault, D. [Supervisor]
Rimouski, Québec : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2008.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR44154)
ISBN 978-0-494-44154-1
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, 2008.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Appendix.
ASTIS record 76352.
Languages: French
Web: http://labdendro.uqar.ca/IMG/pdf/Dy_Msc.pdf
Libraries: QRU OONL

Cette étude s'inscrit dans la compréhension des flux transversaux entre les écosystèmes. À cet effet, plusieurs études ont démontré l'importance écologique majeure des débris ligneux grossiers (ci-dessous DLG) dans les lacs. Leur persistance de plusieurs siècles est susceptible de complexifier la structure de l'habitat benthique littoral et de façonner la dynamique trophique en régulant les relations prédateurs - proies ainsi qu'en constituant une source de nutriments allochtones. Malgré cette importance, peu d'études se sont penchées sur leur temps de résidence dans l'eau et sur leurs mécanismes de transfert à travers l'interface forêt - lac. Les objectifs de cette étude sont (i) d'utiliser la dendrochronologie pour documenter les mécanismes d'apport et de retrait qui déterminent l'abondance et le temps de résidence des DLG dans la zone littorale de deux lacs de la taïga québécoise, (ii) de décrire la structure (densité, taille, forme, enfouissement, agencement des spécimens) du réservoir de DLG, (iii) d'évaluer le potentiel de ces lacs à fournir du matériel pour la construction de séries dendrochronologiques millénaires. Deux lacs situés dans le centre nord de la forêt boréale du Québec, présentant une interface abrupte entre un milieu bien drainé et une forêt riveraine mature d'épinette noire (Picea mariana) ont été retenus. Dans les deux lacs, la majorité des DLG a été retrouvée à moins de 12 mètres du rivage et moins de 2 mètres de profondeur. Leur densité diminuait régulièrement avec la distance au rivage. Même si la majorité des DLG était exposée au fond de l'eau, l'enfouissement des spécimens s'est révélé plus important au lac I où leur proportion augmente avec la distance à la rive et le temps de séjour dans le milieu aquatique. La dendrochronologie nous a permis de réaliser deux reconstitutions paléoécologiques d'environ 1550 ans (Lac I) et 430 ans (Lac II) ainsi que de déterminer les intervalles de feux comme paramètre majeur de régulation des flux ligneux à l'interface forêt - lac. Le réservoir de débris ligneux du lac II s'est majoritairement constitué suite à des apports massifs sporadiques provoqués par des épisodes de feux. Le réservoir du lac I s'est constitué par des apports chroniques plus lents et graduels au cours des siècles favorisés par une fréquence de feux plus faible. Pour conclure, nous proposons que dans le contexte de la taïga québécoise où les feux sont fréquents, des épisodes d'apports massifs contribuent d'avantage que les apports chroniques à la formation du réservoir de DLG. Les apports sont entrecoupés par des séquences d'apports nuls ou très faibles au gré des intervalles de feux. (Au)

H, F, J, E, B, I
Animal distribution; Benthos; Biodegradation; Biomass; Black spruces; Carbon cycling; Dendrochronology; Driftwood; Fire ecology; Forest ecology; Forest fires; Fresh-water ecology; Intertidal zones; Lakes; Microbial ecology; Plant distribution; Plant growth; Plant nutrition; Primary production (Biology); Sedimentation; Shorelines; Taiga ecology; Temporal variations; Theses; Trees; Trophic levels; Wildlife habitat

G0826
Bordier, Lac (53 52 45 N, 71 12 26 W) region, Québec; Bordier, Lac (53 52 45 N, 71 12 26 W), Québec; Lataignant, Lac, Québec; Lataignant, Lac, region, Québec

Vulnerability to climate change in Arctic Canada   /   Ford, J.D.   Smit, B. [Supervisor]
Guelph, Ont. : University of Guelph, 2006.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR20925)
ISBN 9780494209257
Appendices.
References.
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., 2006.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Some chapters have been presented as peer-reviewed manuscripts, independently published. Chapter 1 is described in ASTIS record 55070, Chapter 4 in ASTIS record 59662, and Chapter 6 in ASTIS record 60629.
ASTIS record 76356.
Languages: English
Libraries: OONL

This thesis is an investigation of vulnerability to climate change in Arctic Canada. It develops a conceptual model and analytical approach to guide vulnerability analysis. The model conceptualizes vulnerability as a function of exposure-sensitivity to biophysical stresses and adaptive capacity to cope with these stresses. Both model elements are closely inter-linked and influenced by process and conditions endogenous and exogenous to the system of interest. The analytical framework utilizes community case studies to analyze vulnerability and its drivers. It starts by characterizing current vulnerability, which provides an empirical foundation and baseline for assessment of future vulnerability. Using case studies in two Inuit communities in the Canadian territory of Nunavut (Arctic Bay and Igloolik), 119 interviews were conducted. Interviews were complemented with participant observation and analysis of secondary sources. The work largely focuses on vulnerabilities surrounding resource harvesting, identified by communities as being most pertinent to their livelihoods. The study highlights the dynamic nature of vulnerability. A combination of changing climatic conditions superimposed on changes in harvesting behaviour has altered, and tended to increase, the exposure-sensitivity of both communities. In light of changing exposure-sensitivity, Inuit have demonstrated significant adaptive capacity. This adaptability is facilitated by traditional Inuit knowledge, strong social networks, and flexibility in seasonal hunting cycles. Changing Inuit livelihoods, however, have undermined certain aspects of adaptive capacity, and have resulted in emerging vulnerabilities. Future climate change will affect biophysical conditions to which Inuit in Arctic Bay and Igloolik are currently exposed. Decreasing sea-ice thickness, longer ice freeze-up, earlier sea ice break-up, changing occurrence of weather extremes, and alterations in animal numbers will increase the dangers of hunting, decrease access to hunting areas, and affect the availability of traditional foods. Exposure-sensitivity to these changes will be differentiated based on use of and dependence on the environment. Analysis of current vulnerability indicates significant adaptive capacity to deal with climate change related risks, although this capacity will vary among groups. The study argues that young generation Inuit, in particular, are vulnerable. (Au)

T, R, L, N, E, G, J, I
Acclimatization; Adaptability (Psychology); Animal population; Climate change; Costs; Environmental impacts; Forecasting; Human ecology; Inuit; Mathematical models; Narwhals; Participatory action research; Quotas; Risk assessment; Sea ice; Seasonal variations; Social surveys; Socio-economic effects; Subsistence; Temporal variations; Theses; Thickness; Traditional knowledge; Trafficability; Whaling

G0813
Arctic Bay (Hamlet), Nunavut; Igloolik, Nunavut

Effet des facteurs climatiques sur la phénologie et le succès de la reproduction chez la grande oie des neiges (Chen caerulescens atlantica) à l'Île Bylot, Nunavut   /   Dickey, M.-H.   Gauthier, G. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2006.
x, 91 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
References.
Appendices.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec.
Abstract, Introduction Générale, Conclusion Générale are in French; Abstract, Chapters I and II are in English.
Indexed a PDF file obtained from Laval Université.
ASTIS record 76345.
Languages: English or French
Web: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23661/
Libraries: OONL

We studied the impact of climatic variations on the breeding phenology and the reproductive success of the Greater Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), a migratory bird breeding in the Arctic where climate warming is most pronounced. Our analysis used a 16-year climatic and biologic database (1989-2004) collected on Bylot Island in the Canadian Arctic. About 50% of the individual variation in reproductive phenology was explained by climatic factors in spring, mostly air température and snow cover. In contrast, breeding success up to fledging was more influenced by extreme values of the regional climate (i.e. the AO index) during the summer than by the spring climatic conditions. Goslings size and mass near fledging were generally reduced in years with high spring temperatures, likely because these conditions reduced the synchronization between goslings hatching date and the early season peak in plant quality. This mismatch occurred because the advancement in phenology during warm springs is more pronounced in plants than in geese. We conclude that climate warming should advance the reproductive phenology of geese, but that high spring temperatures and extreme values of the summer AO index may decrease their reproductive success. (Au)

I, J, E, F, H
Age; Animal distribution; Animal food; Animal growth; Animal live-capture; Animal mortality; Animal reproduction; Animal tagging; Atmospheric pressure; Atmospheric temperature; Bioclimatology; Biomass; Bird nesting; Climate change; Databases; Effects monitoring; Effects of climate on plants; Environmental impacts; Greater Snow Geese; Mathematical models; Nitrogen; Plant growth; Predation; Rain; Seasonal variations; Size; Snow; Temporal variations; Theses; Thickness

G0815
Bylot Island, Nunavut

Déglaciation et évolution holocène des dépôts quaternaires concentrés dans les vallées à l'est du lac Guillaume-Delisle, Québec Nordique   /   Duhamel, D.   Allard, M. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2006.
x, 99 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. MR21588)
ISBN 9780494215883
Appendices.
References.
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, 2006.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
ASTIS record 76344.
Languages: French
Libraries: OONL

L'analyse morphologique et stratigraphique des dépôts quaternaires concentrés dans les vallées des rivières du Nord, au Caribou, à l'Eau-Claire et de Troyes, entre les lacs Guillaume-Delisle et à l'Eau-Claire, a permis (1) d'interpréter les modalités du retrait glaciaire et (2) d'étudier l'évolution sédimentaire holocène dans les vallées. Après une pause sur les hauts reliefs à l'est du lac Guillaume-Delisle vers 8045 ans cal. BP, le glacier du Nouveau-Québec s'est retiré vers l'est, à l'intérieur des terres, marquant au moins cinq brèves pauses jusqu'à l'extension orientale maximale de la Mer de Tyrrell vers 7500 ans cal. BP. Lors du retrait glaciaire, d'intenses jets d'eau de fonte sous-glaciaires sont venus alimenter les vallées marines en matériels glaciogéniques et marins. Lors de l'émersion postglaciaire, les sédiments ont rapidement été érodés et transportés vers l'ouest pour être stockés dans les deltas paraglaciaires une centaine de mètres plus bas que la limite marine orientale. (Au)

A, B, J, F
Deglaciation; Erosion; Geomorphology; Glacial deposits; Glacial epoch; Glacial erosion; Glacial geology; Glacial melt waters; Quaternary period; Recent epoch; River deltas; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Stratigraphy; Theses

G0826
Eau Claire, Lac à l', region, Québec; Guillaume-Delisle, Lac, region, Québec

Évolution géomorphologique holocène des polygones à coins de glace de la vallée du glacier C-79, île Bylot, archipel arctique canadien   /   Fortier, D.   Allard, M. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2005.
xvii, 165 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR09674)
ISBN 0-494-09674-8
Appendices.
References.
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, 2005.
Indexed from a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Front material, Chapter I (Introduction), Chapter V, and Chapter VI (Conclusion générale) are in French, Chapters II-IV are English manuscripts.
ASTIS record 76354.
Languages: English or French
Libraries: OONL

A reconstitution of the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of Bylot Island (73°09'N, 80°00'W), in the Canadian Arctic archipelago, was realized through a detailed geomorphological analysis of syngenetic ice-wedge polygons and by the stratigraphic analysis of the sedimentary sequences accumulated in the depressed centers of the polygons. These reconstitutions arc based on new geomorphological, cryostratigraphical, sedimentological, geophysical, geochronological and climatological data. During the Holocene, the recession of glacier C-79, located in the south-western part of Bylot Island, has led to the genesis of a large glacio-fluvial outwash following the marine regression in the valley after 6000 BP. The cooling that began during the Neoglacial, that is during the Late Holocene has led to a decrease in glacier melt and glacio-fluvial activity. The rheological properties of the ground and the initial configuration of the syngenetic ice-wedge polygons network that developed in the glacio-fluvial outwash of glacier C-79 were modified after the accumulation of more than two meters of loess and organic sediment; this accumulation began after 3670 ±110 BP. The sedimentary sequence comprised of loess, peat and ice has been dated and analyzed in order to detect significant changes of the surface wind regime and of the precipitation-evaporation P-E regime of the polygons that occurred during the last 3500 years. Changes in the P-E regime were always linked to changes of the summer surface wind regime, probably in response to changes in the position of the "Canadian Polar Trough". The active geomorphological processes were also characterized. Air temperature and ground thermal conditions occurring in the frost-cracking process of permafrost were determined by in-situ measurements. The research also allowed the characterization of the process of underground thermo-erosion of ice wedges. This process is responsible for the rapid destruction of the polygons, the development of thermokarst gullies, wetland and lake drainage and, on certain occasion, the growth of pingos. This process has led to the formation of thermokarst gullies covering and area of 20 000 m² after 4 summers of activity from 1999 to 2002. (Au)

C, F, A, E, B, H, I, J
Active layer; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric temperature; Boreholes; Carbon; Cores; Creep; Deformation ; Deglaciation; Drainage; Effects monitoring; Effects of climate on permafrost; Environmental impacts; Erosion; Evaporation; Formation; Fracturing; Frost action; Frozen ground; Geomorphology; Glacial deposits; Glacial epoch; Glacial melt waters; Grazing; Greater Snow Geese; Ground ice; Ground ice; Ground penetrating radar; Growth; Heat transmission; Ice wedges; Isotopes; Lakes; Loess; Mapping; Mass wasting; Mechanical properties; Minerals; Oxygen-18; Palaeoclimatology; Patterned ground; Peat; Permafrost; Pingos; Precipitation (Meteorology); Radiocarbon dating; Recent epoch; River discharges; Runoff; Sedimentation; Sediments (Geology); Size; Slopes; Snow cover; Snowmelt; Soil mechanics; Soil moisture; Soil profiles; Soil temperature; Spatial distribution; Stratigraphy; Temporal variations; Thaw settlement; Thawing; Thermal properties; Thermal regimes; Thermokarst; Theses; Topography; Winds

G0813
Bylot Island, Nunavut; Navy Board Inlet region, Nunavut

Genèse et structure du pergélisol : étude de formes périglaciaires de soulèvement au gel au Nunavik (Québec nordique), Canada   /   Calmels, F.   Allard, M. [Supervisor]
Québec, Québec : Université Laval, 2005.
xviii, 169 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses publication, no. NR11660)
ISBN 9780494116609
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, 2005.
Indexed a PDF file acquired from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Front material, Introduction, Conclusion générale, and Annexes are in French. Chapters 3-6 are English manuscripts published separately and described in ASTIS records 57302, 66274, 74222 and 74334, respectively.
References.
Appendices.
ASTIS record 76341.
Languages: English or French
Libraries: ACU

The subject of this thesis is the genesis and the structure of permafrost through the study of lithalsas, palsas and permafrost plateaus. The study sites are located near Umiujaq, in Nunavik (Northern Québec). Our methodology is based on a threefold approach: 1- geocryological observations and analyses performed with computed tomography scanner, and sedimentary measurements made on cored samples; 2- chemical and isotopic analyses (oxygen 18, deuterium and tritium) of water and soil recovered from permafrost cores; 3- thermal records measured into a lithalsa. Cat scan imaging was applied to permafrost cores drilled in lithalsas, palsas and permafrost plateaus. This method yielded an exceptional understanding of permafrost cryostructure induced by the formation of segregation ice. A cryostratigraphic model of the internal structure of a typical frozen mound was developed and interpreted. 3D graphic representation and analysis of the internal thermal field of a lithalsa allowed a detailed interpretation of heat transfer in the mound. Isotopic measurements of oxygen 18, deuterium and tritium, made on the ground ice water from the permafrost suggest that the lithalsa has grown under a colder climate than the present one, and that some infiltrations of recent water could have occurred. Links between the internal structure of the permafrost, landform shape and the variation of thermal regime were inferred. A renewed understanding of the formation of lithalsas and permafrost mounds in general stems from this analysis. A detailed reconstruction of the evolution of a lithalsa has been also proposed from the inception of permafrost aggradation until the degradation of the structure through thermokarst. A comparison was made between different kinds of permafrost mounds defined through geomorphological criteria. This comparison shows that local factors such as topography prior to permafrost inception and hydrogeological regime exert an influence on the landforms and on their internal cryostructure. (Au)

C, F, A, E, H
Active layer; Atmospheric temperature; Boreholes; Chemical properties; Clay; Climate change; Cores; Creep; Effects of climate on permafrost; Formation; Frost boils; Frost heaving; Frost mounds; Geomorphology; Ground ice; Growth; Heat transmission; Isotopes; Measurement; Moisture content of frozen ground; Palsas; Peat; Periglacial landforms; Permafrost; Sedimentation; Silt; Slopes; Snow; Soil erosion; Soil profiles; Soil temperature; Soil texture; Thaw settlement; Thawing; Thermal regimes; Thermokarst; Theses; Thickness; Topography; Tundra ponds; Wetlands; X-rays

G0826
Umiujaq region, Québec

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